The Mystery of Bridgeport's Missing Cemeteries

Written by Leah Marie, 21 December 2021; revised 10 May 2025.

As you travel throughout Connecticut, particularly (in my experience) Fairfield County, you will notice that many towns - small towns - feature numerous colonial and antebellum cemeteries (cemeteries with stones that date prior to the Civil War). Connecticut was inhabited by Europeans early in our nation's history (the first settlements can be traced to 1630) and the state became a crown colony in 1662. Smaller towns, not far from Long Island Sound and New York City, boast numerous burial grounds with interments dating to the 1700s. In the case of the city of Milford (whose land was purchased from the Paugussett Indians in 1639), the earliest recorded burials date from the 1640s, and multiple original tombstones can be found dating from the late 1600s and early 1700s (in Milford Cemetery, a few photos, below). Smaller towns, such as Newtown (founded in 1705), Redding ("purchased" in 1668), and Trumbull (settled by the English in 1639) feature many cemeteries with stones dating from the 18th and early 19th centuries. (As a count, Newtown has ten cemeteries with burials dating from the 1700s, Redding boasts nine and Trumbull has eight.)

But where are Bridgeport's "old" cemeteries?

Bridgeport is Connecticut's most populous city (and the fifth-most populous in New England). The earliest recorded European settlement in what is now Bridgeport was established in 1644. With such a long history and large population, the city should be teeming with cemeteries. Also, as a sign of the times, free black Americans and slaves, Native Americans, and the destitute were traditionally buried in segregated burial grounds, some in "potter's fields". (As a reference, Easton's first integrated burial ground - Den Cemetery - was not established until the 1820s.) There is no current evidence of any of these burial grounds aside from a couple of mysterious mentions of a "Potter's Field" in newspapers dating from the 1910s, with no given location and only three people stated as having been interred there. (The Hale Collection of Connecticut Cemetery Records does not include any "potter's field" in its 1930s inventory.) When Mountain Grove Cemetery was established, P. T. Barnum (supposedly) displaced a Native village, which, if true, would be proof that Native Americans were still very much active in the area as late as the 1850s. (More on Mountain Grove, later.) Yet only six cemeteries are known to exist in the entire city:

Lakeview Cemetery, established 1810;

Park Cemetery, established 1878;

Mountain Grove Cemetery, established 1849;

Saint Augustine Cemetery, established in the 1860s;

Saint James Cemetery, with burials known to date to the 1830s. (Saint James is now a barren field with only one standing stone.)

And Old Stratfield Cemetery (Pequonnock Cemetery).

Old Stratfield Cemetery is the only colonial cemetery remaining in Bridgeport. Burials are recorded as early as the late 1650s, but the oldest existing stones date from the 1680s.  How can one, relatively small burial ground (approximately 720 interments), account for all the citizens to inhabit the state's largest (and for a time, most important) city from the 1640s to the 1810s?  Continue reading for the ghastly truth.

The truth of the matter is both shocking and appalling. It is a tale of greed, defilement, disrespect and horror. And its featured perpetrator is none other than arguably Bridgeport's most famous resident, P.T. Barnum.

Phineas Taylor ("P.T.") Barnum was a showman, entrepreneur and politician. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives (1866-1869) and mayor of Bridgeport for one year (1875-1876). Barnum's main motivation in life seeemed to be making a fast buck. He created a museum of curiosities that displayed everything from a former slave who supposedly was George Washington's 161-year-old "mammy", to the "FeeGee" Mermaid - a monkey head and torso attached to a fish's tail end. Some of Barnum's endeavors were slightly more legitimate and profitable, as when he toured the world with "General Tom Thumb", Charles Stratton (2 feet, 11 inches at the age of 21 - buried opposite Barnum in Mountain Grove) or when he established what would eventually become known as "The Barnum & Bailey Circus".

Barnum proved that he was willing to do whatever it took to turn a profit, without regard for ethics or conscience. When he decided to develop more of the city of Bridgeport, he didn't let the matter of a few old cemeteries get in his way. He simply "relocated" them, to put it very, very nicely.

It is local legend that Barnum demolished old cemeteries, only occasionally relocating the bodies and accomplishing this process in a gruesome, haphazard way. Many stones were destroyed or "repurposed". It is rumored that of the several houses Barnum owned throughout the city (none of which still exist), Barnum often utilized old tombstones to pave his basements. The story is a gruesome one, and a documented example of this fiendish activity is provided, below.

In July of 1873, Barnum, through his influence, was able to "close" the Bridgeport and Stratfield Burying Ground (dating from roughly 1811; not to be confused with the still-standing Old Stratfield Cemetery). The last of approximately 4,000 burials occurred during the 1850s. The cemetery, when it was established, was considered out of the way and far from the center of the city. As the city expanded, the cemetery ended up surrounded by businesses on what is now a main road (present-day Park Avenue). It is no coincidence that Barnum owned land adjacent to the cemetery.

In the early 1870s, it is estimated that half of the plot owners transferred their final resting places to the newer Mountain Grove Cemetery (incidentally, established by Barnum in 1849). David W. Sherwood, a Barnum associate, agreed to pay the costs of transferring the remaining graves in return for ownership of the land. As it turns out, Sherwood was unable to cover the costs, so Barnum offered Sherwood financial support - in exchange for half the property. Many residents were upset with the removals. Some disliked the idea of having the peace of their deceased ancestors disturbed. Even more people were aghast at how the task was undertaken.

In his book, Wicked Bridgeport, Michael J. Bielawa writes, "Barnum hired George Poole, a retired butcher . . . to oversee the exhumation and transport of earthly remains and monuments. Bridgeport resident Julian H. Sterling, a longtime correspondent of The New York World . . . expounded on how indecently the old cemetery was treated: 'The dead were taken up in cartloads and carried, mostly at night time, to another resting place. The bodies were reburied in the far side of Mountain Grove cemetery, monuments were broken, headstones replaced, and in many instances headstones were utilized for flagging side-walks about town.' . . . An anonymous 1897 New York Sunday World article detailed how 'sixteen and twenty [bodies] at a time were loaded on trucks and in broad daylight hauled by horses through the streets . . . Many of the graves were so old that the coffins were decayed or entirely gone. Some burst open and bones were scattered along the causeway.'"

The now defunct cemetery was transformed into a middle-class neighborhood. But the removal of bodily remains was performed so erratically, that skeletal remnants were routinely discovered whenever street repairs were conducted in the area. According to Bielawa, "Throughout the closing decades of Bridgeport's nineteenth century, local newspapers commonly reported coffins, bones and broken headstones being exposed. Portions of city sidewalks, uprooted as recently as 1982 and 2000, have turned out to be inverted gravestones likened to the unethical practices of Mr. Poole." And P.T. Barnum. (Incidentally, both Barnum and Poole are comfortably interred within Mountain Grove Cemetery.)

All photos copyright by the author, 2025. Not to be used or reproduced without permission.

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