Astronomical observations across the electromagnetic spectrum have, over recent decades, provided strong empirical support for the standard cosmological model. However, tensions between different observational probes hint at potential challenges to this model. Current and upcoming surveys spanning radio, far infrared, microwave, optical, and X-ray frequencies are set to deepen our understanding of key cosmological questions, such as the nature of dark matter, neutrino masses, and missing baryons. These surveys will also offer new insights into the state of baryonic matter in and around galaxies and galaxy clusters. A novel approach to observing the Universe, known as Line Intensity Mapping (LIM), is gaining attention. LIM detects specific spectral lines (e.g., HI 21-cm, CII, CO, OIII, OVII, and OVIII) without isolating individual sources, instead aggregating photons within a broad resolution element. This method allows for mapping the distribution of sources with lower resolution but over larger fields of view. Radio surveys like MeerKAT and the upcoming SKA-mid, as well as far-infrared, millimeter and X-ray efforts like COMAP, CONCERTO, TIME, FYST, EXCLAIM and eROSITA, are pioneering LIM. This meeting will convene experts to explore optimal strategies for utilizing these surveys to address the major cosmological questions ahead.