Research

Understanding Bone Structure and Function | Bone is a remarkable composite material, combining stiffness, lightness, and elasticity. It consists of inorganic hydroxyapatite, organic substances (primarily collagen type-I), and water. At its highest structural level, bone material forms two distinct architectures: dense cortical bone tissue, which creates the outer cortex, and porous trabecular bone tissue, an internal structure within the cortical shell. While cortical and trabecular bone share similar material composition, they differ significantly in structural properties. Trabecular bone is characterized by its high porosity, ranging from 50-90% of tissue volume. This architectural diversity significantly influences the mechanical behavior of bones as organs, with both material properties and three-dimensional macro-architecture playing crucial roles.

Bone's Dynamic Nature | Contrary to its seemingly static appearance, bone is a dynamic and responsive tissue throughout life. It demonstrates remarkable adaptability, modifying its structure in response to various stimuli. These include decreased use (leading to bone resorption, as seen in microgravity or bed rest), increased use (resulting in bone deposition, e.g., running), changes in loading direction (such as altered joint angles), and disease processes like osteoporosis. This phenomenon, once known as "Wolff's law," is now referred to as "bone functional adaptation."

Our Research Focus | In our laboratory, we investigate the intricate relationships between bone structure and mechanical properties, as well as the broader connection between bone structure and function. Our research employs a three-pronged approach:
(I) Mechanical Testing: We examine the orthotropic properties of cortical bone tissue across various bones and locations, providing insights into its complex mechanical behavior.
(II) 3D Printing and Testing: We create and test 3D-printed models of trabecular bone structures, including both intact specimens and those altered to simulate disease or bone modeling. These models undergo compression testing from multiple orientations, offering valuable data on structural responses.
(III) Finite Element Analysis (FEA): We utilize advanced computer simulations to map stress and strain distribution within bone structures. This approach allows us to predict areas of weakness prone to failure, enhancing our understanding of bone biomechanics.

Through this multifaceted research strategy, we aim to deepen our understanding of bone biology and mechanics, potentially informing future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in orthopedics and related fields.