PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES

HAZARD

It is something that can cause harm. a hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone else.

RISK

Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect exposed to a hazard

EXAMPLES OF HAZARD IN A WORKPLACE

ELECTRICITY WORKING UP A LADDER A KEYBOARD CHEMICALS NOISE

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)

It is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of the people engaged in work or employment. The goal of all occupational health and safety programs is to foster a safe work environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co- workers, family members, employer's customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other member of the public who are driven together by the workplace environment.

WORKPLACE HAZARD

•hazards in the workplace occur when the working environment can cause injury, illness or death.

•The hazards can result from many of the different aspects of the working world, including equipment, dangerous materials, unsafe the working practices and the behavior of people.

TYPES OF HAZARDS

Workplace hazards fall into six care types – safety biological, physical, ergonomic, chemical and workload.

1. SAFETY HAZARDS

Can affect any employee but these are more likely to affect those who work with machinery or safety hazards include slips, trip and

falls, operating dangerous machinery and electrical hazards.

2. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

- hazards are extremely dangerous. These include exposure to dangerous substance and disease associated with working amongst animals, people, or infections plant materials.

•Employees who work in hospitals, laboratories or various other outdoor occupations are at risk from biological hazards

3. PHYSICAL HAZARDS

- it can affect those who work in extreme weather conditions or in harmful environments

•Workers that are exposed to continuous loud noise, radiation, sun rays and ultraviolet rays could be at risk.

•Most commonly affect individuals who work outside in the sun for long periods of time.

4. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

- hazards affect individuals who work puts a strain on their body.

•Manual roles that require lifting or sitting for long periods can cause damage over time.

•These hazards may not be noticeable at first which makes them which harder to identify.

5. CHEMICAL HAZARDS

- Mainly threaten employees whose roles expose them too dangerous liquids, solvents or flammable gases.

•Individuals who are most likely to be affected are those working in cleaning facilities, engineers and employees in field-based roles.

6.WORKLOAD HAZARDS

- it includes issues that could cause stress or strain, such as workload, violence or aggression.

•These hazards can be experienced in any job role.

EFFECTS OF HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

•Health hazards enter your body through inhalation (breathing) ingestion(swallowing), absorption (skin)or injection (cuts), therefore, causing adverse effects on your health.

CHEMICAL EFFECTS

•Health effects are dependent on the type of hazardous substance and lend of exposure (duration and concentration). This substance can be inhaled splashed onto the skin or eyes or swallowed. Possible health effects can include:

• Poisoning

• Nausea and vomiting

• Headache

• Skin rashes (dermatitis)

• Birth defects

• Disorders of the lung, kidney,

liver or nervous system

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

•These are the common disease, caused by biological agents:

• Viral disease such as mumps hepatitis, and German measles

• Bacterial disease such as tuberculosis, tetanus, food, and blood poisoning

• Fungal disease such as ringworm and thrush

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

These are usually associated with psychiatric, psychological or physical injury or illness. When these are not managed effectively, these can have an impact on the worker’s psychological qtr. physical well-being and affects job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and lead to conflict in the worker’s family life. These can also affect the organization for these may result to decrease in productivity, absenteeism, and turnover.

Observable Effects may include:

• Dissatisfaction

• Withdrawal

• Mistrust in others

• Irritability

PHYSICAL EFFECTS

•Physical hazards, if not addressed immediately, may become annoying to some employees and PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL