For Individual Parents or Caregivers:

1. "Can you share a bit about your family's cultural background and how it influences your daily life?"

2. "Have you or your family members experienced discrimination or unfair treatment because of your race, ethnicity, or cultural background? If so, how has that affected you?"

3. "How do you typically cope when you experience racial stress or discrimination? Do you talk about it with family or keep it to yourself?"

4. "How connected do you feel to your heritage culture? Have those connections changed over time, especially since the pandemic?"

5. "Do you feel that your children are aware of or affected by experiences of discrimination in the family?"

For Family Sessions:

6. "How does your family talk about race or cultural identity at home?"

7. "Has anyone in the family experienced a situation where they were treated differently because of their race or ethnicity? How did the family respond?"

8. "Are there differences in how family members experience or talk about discrimination (e.g., between parents and children, or between generations)?"

9. "What cultural values or practices help your family feel strong or connected?"

10. "Is there anything about your cultural experience that you feel counselors often overlook or misunderstand?"

Clinical Note: These questions should be asked with genuine curiosity and without pressure. Allow silence and follow the client's lead. Normalize that these topics can be difficult to discuss.

For Younger Children (Ages 5–10):

• "Sometimes people might treat us differently because of how we look. Has anyone ever said or done something that made you feel different?"

• "Our family comes from [country/culture]. What do you like most about being part of our family and culture?"

For Older Children & Teens (Ages 11–17):

• "Have you ever noticed or experienced someone treating you unfairly because of your race or ethnicity? How did that make you feel?"

• "I want you to know that our family has faced challenges because of discrimination. I'm sharing this because I want us to be able to talk openly about it."

• "How do you feel about your cultural identity? Is it something you feel proud of, confused about, or both?"

For the Whole Family:

• "Let's talk about what makes our family's culture special. What traditions do we want to keep alive?"

• "Discrimination can be stressful for all of us. How can we support each other when these things happen?"