This research project aims at systematizing Kant's views on the non-physical or what he calls the "improper" sciences. My interpretation focuses on Kant's ken of coeval science, his conception of applied mathematics, and the use of reason in natural science.

Relevant publications include

• "Kant on Chemistry and the Application of Mathematics in Natural Science," Kantian Review

• "Rehabilitating the Regulative Use of Reason: Kant on Empirical and Chemical Laws," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science

• "Kant on Empirical Psychology and Experimentation," Akten des XIIten Internationalen Kant-Kongresses

• "The Science of the Soul and the Unyielding Architectonic: Kant Versus Wolff on the Foundations of Psychology," The Force of An Idea: New Essays on Christian Wolff's Psychology

• "Kant on the Mathematical Deficiency of Psychology," HOPOS

Kant famously defends a dynamic theory of matter — according to which natural change is best explained by appeal to material forces — against the then-popular mechanism — which bases explanation on the shape, size, and impact of matter. Much of my work clarifies the precise commitments of Kant's dynamism, describing the historical context for his theory as well as elaborating its implications, particularly those going beyond the a priori metaphysical account of matter described in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science.

Relevant writings include

• "Continuity of Change in Kant's Dynamics," Synthese

• "Beyond the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science: Kant’s Empirical Physics and the General Remark to the Dynamics," Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science: A Critical Guide

• "Chemical Dissolution and Kant's Critical Theory of Nature," Kant-Studien

• "Kant's Aethereal Hammer: When Everything Looks Like a  Nail," Kantian Rationality in Philosophy of Science 

In the Jäsche Logik, Kant reports that all questions of philosophy can be reckoned as beloning to anthropology. Indeed, aspects of Kant's teleological conception of humanity — developing toward the development of our predispositions and attainment of a moral community — can be discerned in the foundation of the other branches of his philosophy. This research project focuses on clarifying Kant's conception of the human being and teasing out the centrality thereof for his broader philosophy.

Relevant writings include

• "A Science for Gods, A Science for Humans: Kant on Teleological Speculations in Natural History," Studies in History and Philosophy of Science

• "Race, Culture, and the Horizons of Agency: Kant's Racism, Systematically Understood," 2022 C-APA colloquium

Margaret Cavendish was famously critical of the new science, particularly as practiced and espoused by the members of the Royal Society of London. Although with the advance of science from the 17th century, various of her criticisms appear shortsighted, I find them to be fascinating comments on the then-burgeoning epistemic and social status of science. Furthermore, I see her objections as anticipating more modern critiques of the predominance of science, e.g., from Paul Feyerabend.

Relevant writings include

• "Margaret Cavendish on the Order and Infinitude of Nature," History of Philosophy Quarterly