It all starts in middle school
When you study in middle school you learn some tools and techniques that you will use later. For example, you learn factorization in middle school and when you learn Limits in college you will use factorization to simplify polynom functions and get rid off uncertainities. The same applies to completing the square technique, and conjugation.
When you move to high school
Most importantly, besides techniques to manipulate functions you will learn about two more types of functions: trigonometry functions and exponential functions. In total you will have three types of functions in your arsenal - Polynomial, Trigonometric, and Exponential functions. Of course they will teach you how to manipulate this functions and how to manipulate variables in this functions. This techniques of manipulation will be very usefull to find the Limits of this functions in College.
Once you are in College
You will study three tools of Calculus. First tool, as you know Limits. Second important tool is Derivatives. An last important tool is Integrals.
These three keys will open for you the door to higher mathematics. The mathematics that will allow you to describe the world.
Second year in College
You will study Fourier series. Because Fourier series is very powerfull tool to calculate aproximately the values of functions. For example Fourier series will give you very good aproximation to calculate trigonometric functions. Because it is easy to calculate polynomial functions. But it is impossible to calculate sin or cos precisely. You can only aproximate them. And Fourier series let you do it quickly.
Another important tool that you will learn to use in your second year in college is called - Differential equations. It is important because the processes in nature are not simple. You cant describe all process linearly. Life is complicated. For example air drag of artilery shell depends on speed of projectile, and at the same time speed of projectile depends on air drag. And turns out that these type of phenomena (interdependent variables) can be described only by differential equations. One variable depends on other, and other depends on first.
Thir year in College
You will finally build real life programs that will calculate solution with industrial precision and iterations. You will learn that Fourier series was only first step, some kind of intriduction to Numerical Methods.
Another important tool that will be given to you during third year of education is Mathematical Modeling. Modeling will allow you build models that predict behavior of some phenomena. Phenomena maybe from any part of life. You maybe want to predict critical load of metal structures in civil engineering or some portfolio tolerance in management, or production costs and outputs.
You will be introduced to Optimal Control Theory, that will teach you how to spend resources with minimum waste, or build something with maximum capacity.
Now you understand why you study what you study in college. It all is interconnected with each other. Everything has its purpose. And now you will not waste your time with frustration asking yourself why you need to study math. If you need and help with Calculus, or you dont understand how to use tools, how to find Limits, how to find Derivatives or Integrals please try my book by this link.