Motivation
Motivation
Embedded Files
My work explores perception, representation, and reasoning at the intersection of architecture and AI. Before entering academia, I worked as a practicing architect in Rotterdam for 7 years. During this time, I worked on a range of projects, primarily large public buildings such as a museum, a parliament building, and an airport. My work included interventions in existing buildings as well as the design of new buildings, and my responsibilities evolved over time, progressing from production and design development to coordination and project leadership.
One of the things that fascinated me during my time in practice was how much visual content we, as architects, produce on a daily basis while developing projects. From early data visualizations and diagrams to detailed drawings and renderings, these visuals span multiple scales and levels of abstraction. They make spatial problems explicit, document design decisions over time, and reflect collaboration between architects, clients, and consultants. They also capture alternatives and compromises, helping design teams evaluate and negotiate different design possibilities.
Despite this richness, much of the knowledge embedded in these materials remains hidden in digital archives and is difficult to access. While built projects remain the most visible outcome of this work, they represent only a small fraction of the design knowledge generated in practice. Even unrealized projects represent significant intellectual effort, yet their content often becomes buried within ever-growing digital archives. This led me to the question: How can we more effectively access visual-spatial information, and how might machines help us learn from the collective spatial knowledge embedded in our digital archives?
This line of inquiry led me to computer vision, a subfield of artificial intelligence that enables machines to perceive and interpret visual information. If visual material can be understood computationally, it becomes possible to recognize patterns across projects and relate information across different scales and contexts. My work builds on this idea, connecting architectural ways of seeing and representing space with computational approaches to perception and reasoning.
Academic Experience
Academic Experience
PhD Researcher / TU Delft, Department of Architecture
2021 – 2027 • Research on perception, representation, and reasoning at the intersection of architecture and artificial intelligence
Member / Data Refinery Lab, TU Delft
2025 – now • Contributing to research projects, strategic development, and operational activities of the lab. Check the lab website Here
Lecturer / TU Delft, Department of Architecture
2025 – 2026 • Design, Data & Society Graduation Studio / Mentor
2024 – 2026 • Positions Seminar, MSc2 / Lecturer
2024 – 2025 • Intelligence Seminar, MSc2 / Lecturer
2023 – 2025 • Inhabiting Data Studio, MSc2 / Lecturer, Coordinator
2021 – 2023 • Delivery Society Studio, MSc2 / Lecturer, Coordinator
2021 – 2024 • Complex Projects Graduation Studio / Mentor
Professional Experience
Professional Experience
Architect / Project leader, KAAN Architecten, Rotterdam
03/2015 – 07/2021
2020 – 2021 • European Parliament Competition / Brussels — Info
2021 – 2021 • Hydrogen Plant Competition / Rotterdam
2020 – 2020 • Groot Handelsgebouw Vision / Rotterdam
2017 – 2020 • Schiphol Airport New Terminal / Amsterdam — Info
2017 – 2017 • Mixed-use Dual Tower Complex / Rotterdam
2016 – 2018 • Museum Paleis Het Loo / Apeldoorn, Built — Info
2016 – 2016 • Amstel Train Station / Amsterdam
2015 – 2016 • B30 Governmental Offices / Den Haag, Built — Info
2015 – 2015 • Crematorium Lommel / Belgium
2015 – 2015 • New Amsterdam Courthouse / Amsterdam, Built — Info
Architect / Freelance, DOMAIN office, Rotterdam
08/2014 – 02/2015
Research Output
Research Output
PhD Research
Design Curriculum for a Learning Machine — PhD Research, 2021—2027 (ongoing), supervisory team: Prof. Dr. Georg Vrachliotis (Theory of Architecture & Digital Culture), Dr. Seyran Khademi (Computer Vision) and Kees Kaan (Founder of KAAN Architecten)
Publications
Reading Between the Lines: Bridging AI and Architectural Knowledge in Floorplan Understanding — Conference Paper, accepted for publication (forthcoming, Springer), CAAD Futures 2025 Hong Kong, awarded honourable mention, main author, with co-authors Seyran Khademi and Georg Vrachliotis, 2025
Between Numbers and Narratives: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods for Typological Analysis of Dutch Cross Buildings — Conference Paper, accepted for publication (forthcoming, CAADRIA 2026 Taiwan), co-author with Jess Chang (main author) and Casper van Engelenburg, 2026
The Future of Architectural Design Research: An Emerging Niche in Digital Transition — Conference Paper (forthcoming, DRS 2026 Edinburgh), co-author with Angela Rout (main author) and Michael Tjia, 2026
From Structured Spaces to Unstructured Data: Herman Hertzberger from a Computer Vision Perspective — Conference Paper, JBSC Conference on Building Data: Architecture, Memory and New Imaginaries, main author, 2022 — Available Here
Presentations
Intelligence in Architectural Representation Cycles — Presentation at the 18th SIG Design Theory Workshop Paris, 2025; subsequently developed into a guest lecture for an Intelligence course at ETH Zurich upon invitation by Prof. Dr. Christoph Hölscher (Chair of Cognitive Science).
Rethinking Architectural Design Data — Presentation at the Co-creation Workshop at the Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures (CAAD Futures) Conference, Delft, 2023
A Taxonomy of Visual Data in Architectural Design — Poster Presentation at the Computer Vision for Architectural Design (CVAAD) Workshop at the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Paris, 2023
Education
Education
University Teaching Qualification, 2024
Certification demonstrating competence in university-level education pedagogy covering course design, instruction, and assessment.
Master's Degree, 2012 – 2014
Master’s degree in Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences (cum laude), Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, specialised in the field of Architecture (Complex Projects)
Bachelor's Degree, 2008 – 2012
Bachelor’s degree in Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Architecture
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