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Before doing Exercise must watch all video lecture.
Before doing Exercise must watch all video lecture.
Answer the following
Answer the following
Question 1
Define a function. What is meant by function prototype?
A function or a method is a sequence of statements grouped together and given a name. This group of statements can be called at any point in the program using its name to perform a specific task.
First line of function definition that tells about the type of value returned by the function and the number and type of arguments is called function prototype.
Question 2
What are the two ways of invoking functions?
Two ways of invoking functions are:
Pass by value.
Pass by reference.
Question 3
When a function returns the value, the entire function call can be assigned to a variable. Do you agree with the statement?
Yes, when a function returns a value, we can assign the entire function call to a variable. Below example illustrates the same:
public class Example {
public int sum(int a, int b) {
int c = a + b;
return c;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Example obj = new Example();
int x = 2, y = 3;
int z = obj.sum(x, y);
System.out.println(z);
}
}
Question 4
When a function is invoked how many values can be returned from the function?
A function can only return a single value.
Question 5
Debug the errors and rewrite the following function prototypes:
(a) int sum(x,y);
Answer
int sum(int x, int y);
(b) float product(a,int y);
Answer
float product(float a, int y);
(c) float operate(int x, float=3.4);
Answer
float operate(int x, float y);
(d) float sum(int x,y);
Answer
float sum(int x, float y);
Question 6
Write down the main function which calls the following function:
int square(int a)
{
return(a*a);
}
Answer
public static void main(String args[]) {
int sq = square(4);
}
Question 7
What happens when a function is passed by reference? Explain.
Pass by reference means that the arguments of the function are a reference to the original objects and not a copy. So any changes that the called function makes to the objects are visible to the calling function. Consider the below example:
class PassByReferenceExample {
public void demoRef(int a[]) {
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
a[i] = i;
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
PassByReferenceExample obj = new PassByReferenceExample();
int arr[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 };
System.out.println("Before call to demoRef value of arr");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
obj.demoRef(arr);
System.out.println("After call to demoRef value of arr");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}
The output of this program is:
Before call to demoRef value of arr
10 20 30 40 50
After call to demoRef value of arr
0 1 2 3 4
Here demoRef changes the values of array a and these changes are reflected in the array in the main method as well.
Question 8
In what situation does a function return a value?
For a function to return a value, it should have a return type other than void in its function prototype and it should return a value of the corresponding type using the return statement in the function body.
Question 9
Differentiate between pure and impure functions.
Pure functions
Pure functions take objects and/or primitive data types as arguments but does not modify the objects.
Pure functions doesn't have side effects.
Impure functions
Impure functions change the state of received objects.
Impure functions have side effects.
Question 10
Write a function which is used to swap the values of two memory locations.
(a) by using a third variable.
Answer
void swap(int a, int b) {
int c = a;
a = b;
b = c;
System.out.println("a = " + a + "\t" + "b = " + b);
}
(b) without using a third variable.
Answer
void swap(int a, int b) {
a = a + b;
b = a - b;
a = a - b;
System.out.println("a = " + a + "\t" + "b = " + b);
}
Question 11
Differentiate between call by value and call by reference.
Call by value
Actual parameters are copied to formal parameters. Any changes to formal parameters are not reflected onto the actual parameters.
All primitive data types are passed using Call by value
Call by reference
Formal parameters refer to actual parameters. The changes to formal parameters are reflected onto the actual parameters.
All reference data types like arrays and objects of classes are passed using Call by reference.
Question 12
What are the advantages of defining a method in a program?
Advantages of defining methods in a program are:
Methods help to manage the complexity of the program by dividing a bigger complex task into smaller, easily understood tasks.
Methods are useful in hiding the implementation details.
Methods help with code reusability.
Question 13
What is meant by function overloading? In what way it is advantageous?
Function overloading is the process of defining functions/methods within a class, that have the same name but differ in the number and/or the data types of their arguments. Advantages of function overloading are:
Function overloading is one of the ways in which Java implements the object oriented concept of Polymorphism.
With Function overloading, programmers don't have to create and remember different names for functions doing the same thing for different data types.
Question 14
Define the following:
(a) Return data type
Return data type specifies the type of value that the method should return. It is mentioned before the method name in the method prototype. It can be any valid primitive or composite data type of Java. If no value is being returned, it should be void.
(b) Access specifier
Access specifiers determine the type of access to the method. It can be either public, private or protected.
(c) Parameter list
Parameter list is a comma-separated list of variables of a method along with their respective data types. The list is enclosed within a pair of parentheses. Parameter list can be empty if the method doesn't accept any parameters when it is called.
(d) Recursive function
A function that calls itself inside its body is called a Recursive function.
(e) Method signature
Method signature comprises of the method name and the data types of the parameters. For example, consider the below method:
int sum(int a, int b) {
int c = a + b;
return c;
}
Its method signature is:
sum(int, int)
Question 15
Explain the function of a return statement in Java programming.
A function returns a value through the return statement. Once a return statement is executed, the program control moves back to the caller function skipping the remaining statements of the current function if any. A function can have multiple return statements but only one of them will be executed. For example, consider the below method:
int sum(int a, int b) {
int c = a + b;
return c;
}
It uses a return statement to return a value of int type back to its caller.
Question 16
Differentiate between formal parameter and actual parameter.
Formal parameter
Formal parameters appear in function definition.
They represent the values received by the called function.
Actual parameter
Actual parameters appear in function call statement.
They represent the values passed to the called function.
Question 17
What is the role of the keyword void in declaring functions?
The keyword 'void' signifies that the function doesn't return a value to the calling function.
Question 18
If a function contains several return statements, how many of them will be executed?
A function can have multiple return statements but only one of them will be executed because once a return statement is executed, the program control moves back to the caller function skipping the remaining statements of the current function.
Question 19
Which OOP principle implements function overloading?
Polymorphism implements function overloading.
Question 20
How are the following data passed to a function?
Primitive types
By valueReference types
By reference
Give output of the following function definitions and also write what mathematical operations they carry out
Give output of the following function definitions and also write what mathematical operations they carry out
Question 1
void test1(int n)
{
for(int x=1; x<=n; x++)
if(n%x == 0)
System. out.println(x);
}
if 12 is passed to n.
Output
1
2
3
4
6
12
Explanation
This function finds the factors of n.
Question 2
void test2(int a, int b)
{
while( a != b)
{
if ( a > b)
a = a — b;
else
a = b — a;
}
System.out.println(a);
}
if 4 and 17 are passed to the function.
Output
Infinite Loop
Explanation
Initial value of a is 4 and b is 17 as given in the question. As a and b are not equal, condition of while loop is true, first iteration starts. a is less than b so if condition is false, a = b - a is executed and a becomes 17 - 4 = 13. Condition of while loop is true so second iteration starts. Again, if condition is false. This time a becomes 17 - 13 = 4. Like this, the value of a keeps oscillating between 13 and 4 resulting in an infinite loop.
Question 3
void test3(char c)
{
System.out.println( (int) c);
}
if 'm' is passed to c.
Output
109
Explanation
This function prints the ASCII code of its argument. When 'm' is passed to this function, its ASCII code which is 109 gets printed as the output.
Question 4
void test4(String x, String y)
{
if(x.compareTo(y) > 0)
System.out.println(x);
else
System.out.println(y);
}
if "AMIT" and "AMAN" are passed to the function.
Output
AMIT
Explanation
The first differing characters of "AMIT" and "AMAN" are 'I' and 'A', respectively. So output of "AMIT".compareTo("AMAN") will be ASCII Code of 'I' - ASCII Code of 'A' ⇒ 73 - 65 ⇒ 8. The if condition is true so string x which is "AMIT" gets printed as the output.
Solutions to Unsolved Java Programs
Solutions to Unsolved Java Programs
Question 1
Write a program in Java using a method Discount( ), to calculate a single discount or a successive discount. Use overload methods Discount(int), Discount(int,int) and Discount(int,int,int) to calculate single discount and successive discount respectively. Calculate and display the amount to be paid by the customer after getting discounts on the printed price of an article.
Sample Input:
Printed price: ₹12000
Successive discounts = 10%, 8%
= ₹(12000 - 1200)
= ₹(10800 - 864)
Amount to be paid = ₹9936
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SuccessiveDiscount
{
public void discount(int price) {
System.out.println("Amount after single discount = " + discount(price, 10));
System.out.println("Amount after successive discount = " + discount(price, 10, 8));
}
public double discount(int price, int d) {
double priceAfterDisc = price - price * d / 100.0;
return priceAfterDisc;
}
public double discount(int price, int d1, int d2) {
double priceAfterDisc1 = price - price * d1 / 100.0;
double priceAfterDisc2 = priceAfterDisc1 - priceAfterDisc1 * d2 / 100.0;
return priceAfterDisc2;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter price: ");
int price = in.nextInt();
SuccessiveDiscount obj = new SuccessiveDiscount();
obj.discount(price);
}
}
Question 2
Write a program to input a number. Use a function int Armstrong(int n) to accept the number. The function returns 1, if the number is Armstrong, otherwise zero(0).
Sample Input: 153
Sample Output: 153 ⇒ 13 + 53 + 33 = 153
It is an Armstrong Number.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ArmstrongNumber
{
public int armstrong(int n) {
int num = n, cubeSum = 0;
while (num > 0) {
int digit = num % 10;
cubeSum = cubeSum + (digit * digit * digit);
num /= 10;
}
if (cubeSum == n)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter Number: ");
int num = in.nextInt();
ArmstrongNumber obj = new ArmstrongNumber();
int r = obj.armstrong(num);
if (r == 1)
System.out.println(num + " is an Armstrong number");
else
System.out.println(num + " is not an Armstrong number");
}
}
Question 3
Write a program to input a number and check and print whether it is a 'Pronic' number or not. Use a function int Pronic(int n) to accept a number. The function returns 1, if the number is 'Pronic', otherwise returns zero (0).
(Hint: Pronic number is the number which is the product of two consecutive integers)
Examples:
12 = 3 * 4
20 = 4 * 5
42 = 6 * 7
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PronicNumber
{
public int pronic(int n) {
int isPronic = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++) {
if (i * (i + 1) == n) {
isPronic = 1;
break;
}
}
return isPronic;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number to check: ");
int num = in.nextInt();
PronicNumber obj = new PronicNumber();
int r = obj.pronic(num);
if (r == 1)
System.out.println(num + " is a pronic number");
else
System.out.println(num + " is not a pronic number");
}
}
Question 4
Write a program to enter a two digit number and find out its first factor excluding 1 (one). The program then find the second factor (when the number is divide by the first factor) and finally displays both the factors.
Hint: Use a non-return type function as void fact(int n) to accept the number.
Sample Input: 21
The first factor of 21 is 3
Sample Output: 3, 7
Sample Input: 30
The first factor of 30 is 2
Sample Output: 2, 15
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factors
{
public void fact(int n) {
if (n < 10 || n > 99) {
System.out.println("ERROR!!! Not a 2-digit number");
return;
}
int i;
for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
if (n % i == 0)
break;
}
int sf = n / i;
System.out.println(i + ", " + sf);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number: ");
int num = in.nextInt();
Factors obj = new Factors();
obj.fact(num);
}
}
Question 5
Write a function fact(int n) to find the factorial of a number n. Include a main class to find the value of S where:
S = n! / (m!(n - m)!)
where, n! = 1 x 2 x 3 x .......... x n
import java.util.Scanner;
public class KboatFactorial
{
public long fact(int n) {
long f = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
f *= i;
}
return f;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Factorial obj = new Factorial();
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter m: ");
int m = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();
double s = (double)(obj.fact(n)) / (obj.fact(m) * obj.fact(n - m));
System.out.println("S=" + s);
}
}
Question 6
Write a program using a function called area() to compute area of the following:
(a) Area of circle = (22/7) * r * r
(b) Area of square= side * side
(c) Area of rectangle = length * breadth
Display the menu to display the area as per the user's choice.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class MenuArea
{
public void area() {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter a to calculate area of circle");
System.out.println("Enter b to calculate area of square");
System.out.println("Enter c to calculate area of rectangle");
System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
char choice = in.next().charAt(0);
switch(choice) {
case 'a':
System.out.print("Enter radius of circle: ");
double r = in.nextDouble();
double ca = (22 / 7.0) * r * r;
System.out.println("Area of circle = " + ca);
break;
case 'b':
System.out.print("Enter side of square: ");
double side = in.nextDouble();
double sa = side * side;
System.out.println("Area of square = " + sa);
break;
case 'c':
System.out.print("Enter length of rectangle: ");
double l = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter breadth of rectangle: ");
double b = in.nextDouble();
double ra = l * b;
System.out.println("Area of rectangle = " + ra);
break;
default:
System.out.println("Wrong choice!");
}
}
}
Question 7
Write a program using method name Glcm(int,int) to find the Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) of two numbers by GCD (Greatest Common Divisor) of the numbers. GCD of two integers is calculated by continued division method. Divide the larger number by the smaller, the remainder then divides the previous divisor. The process is repeated till the remainder is zero. The divisor then results in the GCD.
LCM = product of two numbers / GCD
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Glcm
{
public void glcm(int a, int b) {
int x = a, y = b;
while (y != 0) {
int t = y;
y = x % y;
x = t;
}
int lcm = (a * b) / x;
System.out.println("LCM = " + lcm);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
int x = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
int y = in.nextInt();
Glcm obj = new Glcm();
obj.Glcm(x, y);
}
}
Question 8
Write a program in Java to accept a word. Pass it to a function magic(String str). The function checks the string for the presence of consecutive letters. If two letters are consecutive at any position then the function prints "It is a magic string", otherwise it prints "It is not a magic string".
Sample Input: computer
Sample Output: It is not a magic string
Sample Input: DELHI
Sample Output: It is a magic string
import java.util.Scanner;
public class MagicString
{
public void magic(String str) {
boolean isMagicStr = false;
String temp = str.toUpperCase();
for (int i = 0; i < temp.length() - 1; i++) {
if (temp.charAt(i) + 1 == temp.charAt(i + 1)) {
isMagicStr = true;
break;
}
}
if (isMagicStr)
System.out.println("It is a magic string");
else
System.out.println("It is not a magic string");
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter word: ");
String word = in.nextLine();
MagicString obj = new MagicString();
obj.magic(word);
}
}
Question 9
Write a program using a method Palin( ), to check whether a string is a Palindrome or not. A Palindrome is a string that reads the same from the left to right and vice versa.
Sample Input: MADAM, ARORA, ABBA, etc.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class StringPalindrome
{
public void palin() {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the string: ");
String s = in.nextLine();
String str = s.toUpperCase();
int strLen = str.length();
boolean isPalin = true;
for (int i = 0; i < strLen / 2; i++) {
if (str.charAt(i) != str.charAt(strLen - 1 - i)) {
isPalin = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPalin)
System.out.println("It is a palindrome string.");
else
System.out.println("It is not a palindrome string.");
}
}
Question 10
Write a program in Java to accept a String from the user. Pass the String to a function Display(String str) which displays the consonants present in the String.
Sample Input: computer
Sample Output:
c
m
p
t
r
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Consonants
{
public void display(String str) {
String temp = str.toUpperCase();
for (int i = 0; i < temp.length(); i++) {
if (temp.charAt(i) != 'A' &&
temp.charAt(i) != 'E' &&
temp.charAt(i) != 'I' &&
temp.charAt(i) != 'O' &&
temp.charAt(i) != 'U') {
System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
}
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter string: ");
String s = in.nextLine();
Consonants obj = new Consonants();
obj.display(s);
}
}
Question 11
Write a program in Java to accept a String from the user. Pass the String to a function Change(String str) which displays the first character of each word after changing the case (lower to upper and vice versa).
Sample Input: Delhi public school
Sample Output:
d
P
S
import java.util.Scanner;
public class StringChange
{
public void change(String str) {
if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
System.out.println("Got a null or empty String");
return;
}
/*
* We need to trim the string to
* avoid StringIndexOutOfBoundsException
* error due to spaces at the end of the
* string.
* If we don't do str.trim() this program
* will give error for strings like
* " ICSE computer applications "
*/
String temp = str.trim();
if (temp.length() == 0) {
System.out.println("Input string has only whitespaces");
return;
}
int idx = 0;
do {
char ch = temp.charAt(idx);
if (Character.isUpperCase(ch))
ch = Character.toLowerCase(ch);
else if (Character.isLowerCase(ch))
ch = Character.toUpperCase(ch);
System.out.println(ch);
idx = temp.indexOf(' ', idx) + 1;
/*
* There can be more than one space
* between words of the string so we
* keep incrementing idx till we find
* a non-whitespace character
*/
while (Character.isWhitespace(temp.charAt(idx)))
idx++;
/*
* If no space is found after idx
* indexOf method will return -1. Adding 1 to
* it will make idx zero. So condition of
* do-while loop is idx != 0.
*/
} while(idx != 0);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String s = in.nextLine();
StringChange obj = new StringChange();
obj.change(s);
}
}
Question 12
import java.util.Scanner;
public class EmployeeTax
{
public void tax(String name, int income) {
double tax;
if (income <= 250000)
tax = 0;
else if (income <= 500000)
tax = (income - 250000) * 0.1;
else if (income <= 1000000)
tax = 30000 + ((income - 500000) * 0.2);
else
tax = 50000 + ((income - 1000000) * 0.3);
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Income Tax: " + tax);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter name: ");
String n = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter annual income: ");
int i = in.nextInt();
EmployeeTax obj = new EmployeeTax();
obj.tax(n, i);
}
}
Question 13
Write a program in Java to accept a String from the user. Pass the String to a function First(String str) which displays the first character of each word.
Sample Input : Understanding Computer Applications
Sample Output:
U
C
A
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FirstCharacter
{
public void first(String str) {
if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
System.out.println("Got a null or empty String");
return;
}
//Display first character of first word
System.out.println(str.charAt(0));
for (int i = 1; i < str.length() - 1; i++) {
if (str.charAt(i) == ' ')
System.out.println(str.charAt(i + 1));
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String s = in.nextLine();
FirstCharacter obj = new FirstCharacter();
obj.first(s);
}
}
Question 14
Write a program to accept 10 numbers in a Single Dimensional Array. Pass the array to a function Search(int m[], int ns) to search the given number ns in the list of array elements. If the number is present, then display the message 'Number is present' otherwise, display 'number is not present'.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Search
{
public void search(int m[], int ns) {
boolean found = false;
for (int i = 0; i < m.length; i++) {
if (m[i] == ns) {
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found)
System.out.println("Number is present");
else
System.out.println("Number is not present");
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
int arr[] = new int[10];
System.out.println("Enter 10 numbers");
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
arr[i] = in.nextInt();
}
System.out.print("Enter number to search: ");
int num = in.nextInt();
Search obj = new Search();
obj.search(arr, num);
}
}
Question 15
Write a class with the name Area using function overloading that computes the area of a parallelogram, a rhombus and a trapezium.
Formula:
Area of a parallelogram (pg) = base * ht
Area of a rhombus (rh) = (1/2) * d1 * d2
(where, d1 and d2 are the diagonals)
Area of a trapezium (tr) = (1/2) * ( a + b) * h
(where a and b are the parallel sides, h is the perpendicular distance between the parallel sides)
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Area
{
public double area(double base, double height) {
return base * height;
}
public double area(double c, double d1, double d2) {
return c * d1 * d2;
}
public double area(double c, double a, double b, double h) {
return c * (a + b) * h;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Area obj = new Area();
System.out.print("Enter base of parallelogram: ");
double base = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter height of parallelogram: ");
double ht = in.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Area of parallelogram = " + obj.area(base, ht));
System.out.print("Enter first diagonal of rhombus: ");
double d1 = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter second diagonal of rhombus: ");
double d2 = in.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Area of rhombus = " + obj.area(0.5, d1, d2));
System.out.print("Enter first parallel side of trapezium: ");
double a = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter second parallel side of trapezium: ");
double b = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter height of trapezium: ");
double h = in.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Area of trapezium = " + obj.area(0.5, a, b, h));
}
}
Question 16
Write a class with the name Perimeter using function overloading that computes the perimeter of a square, a rectangle and a circle.
Formula:
Perimeter of a square = 4 * s
Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 * (l + b)
Perimeter of a circle = 2 * (22/7) * r
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Perimeter
{
public double perimeter(double s) {
return 4 * s;
}
public double perimeter(double l, double b) {
return 2 * (l + b);
}
public double perimeter(int c, double pi, double r) {
return c * pi * r;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Perimeter obj = new Perimeter();
System.out.print("Enter side of square: ");
double side = in.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Perimeter of square = " + obj.perimeter(side));
System.out.print("Enter length of rectangle: ");
double l = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter breadth of rectangle: ");
double b = in.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Perimeter of rectangle = " + obj.perimeter(l, b));
System.out.print("Enter radius of circle: ");
double r = in.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Perimeter of circle = " + obj.perimeter(2, 3.14159, r));
}
}
Question 17
Design a class overloading and a function display( ) as follows:
void display(String str, int p) with one String argument and one integer argument. It displays all the uppercase characters if 'p' is 1 (one) otherwise, it displays all the lowercase characters.
void display(String str, char chr) with one String argument and one character argument. It displays all the vowels if chr is 'v' otherwise, it displays all the alphabets.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Overloading
{
void display(String str, int p) {
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if (p == 1 && Character.isUpperCase(str.charAt(i))) {
System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
}
else if (p != 1 && Character.isLowerCase(str.charAt(i))) {
System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
}
}
}
void display(String str, char chr) {
String t = str.toUpperCase();
for (int i = 0; i < t.length(); i++) {
if (chr != 'v' && Character.isLetter(str.charAt(i)))
System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
else if (t.charAt(i) == 'A' ||
t.charAt(i) == 'E' ||
t.charAt(i) == 'I' ||
t.charAt(i) == 'O' ||
t.charAt(i) == 'U') {
System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
}
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter string: ");
String s = in.nextLine();
Overloading obj = new Overloading();
System.out.println("p=1");
obj.display(s, 1);
System.out.println("\np!=1");
obj.display(s, 0);
System.out.println("\nchr='v'");
obj.display(s, 'v');
System.out.println("\nchr!='v'");
obj.display(s, 'u');
}
}
Question 18
Design a class overloading a function calculate() as follows:
void calculate(int m, char ch) with one integer argument and one character argument. It checks whether the integer argument is divisible by 7 or not, if ch is 's', otherwise, it checks whether the last digit of the integer argument is 7 or not.
void calculate(int a, int b, char ch) with two integer arguments and one character argument. It displays the greater of integer arguments if ch is 'g' otherwise, it displays the smaller of integer arguments.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Calculate
{
public void calculate(int m, char ch) {
if (ch == 's') {
if (m % 7 == 0)
System.out.println("It is divisible by 7");
else
System.out.println("It is not divisible by 7");
}
else {
if (m % 10 == 7)
System.out.println("Last digit is 7");
else
System.out.println("Last digit is not 7");
}
}
public void calculate(int a, int b, char ch) {
if (ch == 'g')
System.out.println(a > b ? a : b);
else
System.out.println(a < b ? a : b);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Calculate obj = new Calculate();
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int n1 = in.nextInt();
obj.calculate(n1, 's');
obj.calculate(n1, 't');
System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
n1 = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
int n2 = in.nextInt();
obj.calculate(n1, n2, 'g');
obj.calculate(n1, n2, 'k');
}
}
Output
Question 19
Write a menu driven program using a method Number() to perform the following tasks:
Accept a number from the user and display it in its Binary Equivalents.
For example:
Sample Input: (21)10
Sample Output: (10101)2Accept a binary number from the user and display it in its Decimal Equivalents.
For example:
Sample Input: (11101)2
Sample Output: (29)10
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Binary
{
public void number() {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter 1 to display number in Binary Equivalent");
System.out.println("Enter 2 to display number in Decimal Equivalent");
System.out.print("Enter your choice: ");
int c = in.nextInt();
in.nextLine();
switch (c) {
case 1:
System.out.print("Enter a decimal number: ");
int num = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Binary Equivalent");
System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(num));
break;
case 2:
System.out.print("Enter a binary number: ");
String bin = in.nextLine();
System.out.println("Decimal Equivalent");
System.out.println(Integer.parseInt(bin, 2));
break;
default:
System.out.println("Incorrect Choice");
break;
}
}
}
Question 20
Design a class to overload a function manip() as follows:
void manip(String str, int p) with one String argument and one integer argument. It displays the characters of even positions of String, if p is an even number otherwise, it displays the characters of odd positions.
void manip(int a, char ch) with one integer argument and one character argument. It computes the square root of the integer arguments if ch is 's', else it computes the cube root of the integers.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Manip
{
public void manip(String str, int p) {
if (p % 2 == 0) {
for (int i = 1; i < str.length(); i = i + 2) {
System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
}
}
else {
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i = i + 2) {
System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
}
}
}
public void manip(int a, char ch) {
double res = ch == 's' ? Math.sqrt(a) : Math.cbrt(a);
System.out.println(res);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Manip obj = new Manip();
System.out.print("Enter string: ");
String s = in.nextLine();
System.out.println("P is even");
obj.manip(s, 8);
System.out.println("\nP is odd");
obj.manip(s, 9);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int num = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("\nch is 's'");
obj.manip(num, 's');
System.out.println("\nch is not 's'");
obj.manip(num, 'z');
}
}
Question 21
Design a class to overload a function compare( ) as follows:
void compare(int, int) — to compare two integers values and print the greater of the two integers.
void compare(char, char) — to compare the numeric value of two characters and print with the higher numeric value.
void compare(String, String) — to compare the length of the two strings and print the longer of the two.
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Compare
{
public void compare(int a, int b) {
System.out.println(a > b ? a : b);
}
public void compare(char a, char b) {
int x = (int)a;
int y = (int)b;
System.out.println(x > y ? a : b);
}
public void compare(String a, String b) {
System.out.println(a.length() > b.length() ? a : b);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Compare obj = new Compare();
System.out.print("Enter first integer: ");
int n1 = in.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second integer: ");
int n2 = in.nextInt();
obj.compare(n1, n2);
System.out.print("Enter first character: ");
char c1 = in.next().charAt(0);
System.out.print("Enter second character: ");
char c2 = in.next().charAt(0);
in.nextLine();
obj.compare(c1, c2);
System.out.print("Enter first string: ");
String s1 = in.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter second string: ");
String s2 = in.nextLine();
obj.compare(s1, s2);
}
}
Question 22
Design a class to overload a function polygon() as follows:
void polygon(int n, char ch) — with one integer and one character type argument to draw a filled square of side n using the character stored in ch.
void polygon(int x, int y) — with two integer arguments that draws a filled rectangle of length x and breadth y, using the symbol '@'.
void polygon() — with no argument that draws a filled triangle shown below:
Example:
Input value of n=2, ch = 'O'
Output:
OO
OOInput value of x = 2, y = 5
Output:
@@@@@
@@@@@Output:
*
**
***
public class Polygon
{
public void polygon(int n, char ch) {
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
System.out.print(ch);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
public void polygon(int x, int y) {
for (int i = 1; i <= x; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= y; j++) {
System.out.print('@');
}
System.out.println();
}
}
public void polygon() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print('*');
}
System.out.println();
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
KboatPolygon obj = new KboatPolygon();
obj.polygon(2, 'o');
System.out.println();
obj.polygon(2, 5);
System.out.println();
obj.polygon();
}
}
Question 23
Design a class to overload a function series( ) as follows:
double series(double n) with one double argument and returns the sum of the series.
sum = (1/1) + (1/2) + (1/3) + .......... + (1/n)double series(double a, double n) with two double arguments and returns the sum of the series.
sum = (1/a2) + (4/a5) + (7/a8) + (10/a11) + .......... to n terms
public class Series
{
double series(double n) {
double sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
double term = 1.0 / i;
sum += term;
}
return sum;
}
double series(double a, double n) {
double sum = 0;
for (int i = 1, j = 2, k = 1; k <= n; i = i + 3, j = j + 3, k++) {
double term = i / Math.pow(a, j);
sum += term;
}
return sum;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Series obj = new Series();
System.out.println("First series sum = " + obj.series(5));
System.out.println("Second series sum = " + obj.series(3, 8));
}
}
Question 24
Design a class to overload the function display(.....) as follows:
void display(int num) — checks and prints whether the number is a perfect square or not.
void display(String str, char ch) — checks and prints if the word str contains the letter ch or not.
void display(String str) — checks and prints the number of special characters present in the word str.
Write a suitable main( ) function.
public class Display
{
public void display(int num) {
double sroot = Math.sqrt(num);
if ((sroot - Math.floor(sroot)) == 0)
System.out.println(num + " is a perfect square");
else
System.out.println(num + " is not a perfect square");
}
public void display(String str, char ch) {
if (str.indexOf(ch) == -1)
System.out.println(ch + " not found");
else
System.out.println(ch + " found");
}
public void display(String str) {
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if (!Character.isLetterOrDigit(str.charAt(i)) &&
!Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
count++;
}
}
System.out.println("Number of special characters = " + count);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Display obj = new Display();
obj.display(18);
obj.display("ICSE Computer Applications", 't');
obj.display("https://www.knowledgeboat.com/");
}
}
Question 25
Design a class to overload the function display(.....) as follows:
void display(String str, char ch) — checks whether the word str contains the letter ch at the beginning as well as at the end or not. If present, print 'Special Word' otherwise print 'No special word'.
void display(String str1, String str2) — checks and prints whether both the words are equal or not.
void display(String str, int n) — prints the character present at nth position in the word str.
Write a suitable main() function.
public class WordCheck
{
public void display(String str, char ch) {
String temp = str.toUpperCase();
ch = Character.toUpperCase(ch);
if (temp.indexOf(ch) == 0 &&
temp.lastIndexOf(ch) == (temp.length() - 1))
System.out.println("Special Word");
else
System.out.println("No Special Word");
}
public void display(String str1, String str2) {
if (str1.equals(str2))
System.out.println("Equal");
else
System.out.println("Not Equal");
}
public void display(String str, int n) {
if (n < 0 || n > str.length()) {
System.out.println("Invalid value for argument n");
return;
}
System.out.println(str.charAt(n - 1));
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
WordCheck obj = new WordCheck();
obj.display("Tweet", 't');
obj.display("Tweet", "Massachusetts");
obj.display("Massachusetts", 8);
}
}
Question 26
Design a class to overload a function Joystring( ) as follows:
void Joystring(String s, char ch1, char ch2) with one string argument and two character arguments that replaces the character argument ch1 with the character argument ch2 in the given String s and prints the new string.
Example:
Input value of s = "TECHNALAGY"
ch1 = 'A'
ch2 = 'O'
Output: "TECHNOLOGY"void Joystring(String s) with one string argument that prints the position of the first space and the last space of the given String s.
Example:
Input value of s = "Cloud computing means Internet based computing"
Output:
First index: 5
Last Index: 36void Joystring(String s1, String s2) with two string arguments that combines the two strings with a space between them and prints the resultant string.
Example:
Input value of s1 = "COMMON WEALTH"
Input value of s2 = "GAMES"
Output: COMMON WEALTH GAMES
(Use library functions)
public class StringOverload
{
public void joystring(String s, char ch1, char ch2) {
String newStr = s.replace(ch1, ch2);
System.out.println(newStr);
}
public void joystring(String s) {
int f = s.indexOf(' ');
int l = s.lastIndexOf(' ');
System.out.println("First index: " + f);
System.out.println("Last index: " + l);
}
public void joystring(String s1, String s2) {
String newStr = s1.concat(" ").concat(s2);
System.out.println(newStr);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
StringOverload obj = new StringOverload();
obj.joystring("TECHNALAGY", 'A', 'O');
obj.joystring("Cloud computing means Internet based computing");
obj.joystring("COMMON WEALTH", "GAMES");
}
}
Question 27
Design a class to overload a function volume( ) as follows:
double volume(double r) — with radius (r) as an argument, returns the volume of sphere using the formula:
V = (4/3) * (22/7) * r * r * rdouble volume(double h, double r) — with height(h) and radius(r) as the arguments, returns the volume of a cylinder using the formula:
V = (22/7) * r * r * hdouble volume(double 1, double b, double h) — with length(l), breadth(b) and height(h) as the arguments, returns the volume of a cuboid using the formula:
V = l*b*h ⇒ (length * breadth * height)
public class Volume
{
double volume(double r) {
return (4 / 3.0) * (22 / 7.0) * r * r * r;
}
double volume(double h, double r) {
return (22 / 7.0) * r * r * h;
}
double volume(double l, double b, double h) {
return l * b * h;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Volume obj = new Volume();
System.out.println("Sphere Volume = " +
obj.volume(6));
System.out.println("Cylinder Volume = " +
obj.volume(5, 3.5));
System.out.println("Cuboid Volume = " +
obj.volume(7.5, 3.5, 2));
}
}
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