MODULES TAUGHT

THREE-YEAR HONOURS DEGREE COURSE OF STUDIES

PART I: SEMESTER 1.

CORE COURSE 1. Non-Chordates I

Unit 2: Protista and Metazoa

Protozoa

General characteristics and Classification up to phylum (according to Levine et. al., 1980)

Locomotion in Euglena, Paramoecium and Amoeba; Conjugation in Paramoecium. Life cycle and pathogenicity of Plasmodium vivax and Entamoeba histolytica

Metazoa- Evolution of symmetry and segmentation of Metazoa

List of Practical

1. Study of whole mount of Euglena, Amoeba and Paramoecium

2. Identification with reason & Systematic position of Amoeba, Euglena, Entamoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium, Balantidium, Vorticella (from the prepared slides)

3. Identification with reason & Systematic position of Sycon, Poterion (Neptune’s Cup), Obelia, Physalia, Aurelia.

PART I: SEMESTER 2 -CORE COURSE 3: Non-Chordates II – Coelomates

Unit 3: Arthropoda

General characteristics and Classification up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994); Insect Eye (Cockroach only). Respiration in Prawn and Cockroach; Metamorphosis in Lepidopteran Insects; Social life in Termite

List of Practical

1. Study of following specimens:

a. Annelids - Aphrodite, Nereis, Chaetopterus, Earthworm, Hirudinaria

b. Arthropods - Limulus, Palaemon, Balanus, Eupagurus, Scolopendra, Peripatus, Silkworm – life

history stages, Termite – members of a colony and Honey bee – members of the colony.

2. Anatomy study: Nervours system, Reproductive system (Male & female), Mouth parts & Salivary apparatus in Periplaneta sp.

PART II: SEMESTER 3. CORE COURSE 5 : Chordata

Unit 6: Reptilia

General characteristics and classification up to living Orders (Young, 1981); Poison apparatus and Biting mechanism in Snake. Poisonous & Non-Poisonous snake.

List of Practical

Identification with Reasons

a) Protochordata: Balanoglossus, Branchiostoma

b) Agnatha: Petromyzon

c) Fishes: Scoliodon, Sphyrna, Pristis, Torpedo, Mystus, Heteropneustes, Labeo rohita, Exocoetus, Hippocampus, Anabas, Flat fish.

Dissection of brain and pituitary – ex situ, digestive and Urino-genital system of Tilapia, Pecten from Fowl head

PART II: SEMESTER 4- CORE COURSE - Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates

Unit 5: Urinogenital System

Succession of kidney in different vertebrate groups; evolution of urino-genital ducts

Unit 6: Nervous system and sense organs

Comparative account of brain in vertebrates; cranial nerves;

Unit 7: Skeletal system

Overview of axial and appendicular skeleton – limbs, girdles of pigeon; jaw suspension in mammals

List of Practical

2. Study of disarticulated skeleton of toad, Pigeon, Guineapig (limb bones, vertebrae, limb and girdle)

Animal Physiology: Life Sustaining Systems Lab; ZOOA-CC4

5. Identification of blood cells from cockroach haemolymph

6. Demonstration of blood pressure by digital meter

PART II: SEMESTER 4- CORE COURSE 10: Immunology

Unit 9: Vaccines

Various types of vaccines. Active & passive immunization (Artificial and natural).

PART III: SEMESTER 5 CORE COURSE 11.Ecology

Unit 3: Community

Community characteristics: species diversity, abundance, dominance, richness, Vertical stratification, Ecotone and edge effect; Ecological succession with one example.

Unit 5: Applied Ecology

Types & level of biodiversity Mega-diversity countries, Biodiversity Hot spot, Flagship species,

Keystone species, Wildlife Conservation (in situ and ex situ conservation), concept of protected

areas. Red data book, Indian wild life act & Schedule. Concept of corridor, advantages and

problem of corridor.

Threats to survival and conservation strategies for Tiger, Olive ridley, White Rumped Vulture

PART III: SEMESTER 6

CORE COURSE 14.Evolutionary Biology

Unit 1

Origin of Life (Chemical basis), RNA world hypothesis

Unit 2

Historical review of Evolutionary concepts: Lamarkism, Darwinism and Neo Darwinism

Unit 3

Geological time scale, Fossil: types and age determination by Carbon dating, Evolution of horse

Unit 4

Natural Selection: Modes with Examples;

Unit 5

Species concept, Isolating mechanisms, modes of speciation; Speciation by chromosome

rearrangement in Drosophila. Adaptive radiation/macroevolution (exemplified by Galapagos finches).

List of Practical

1. Study of fossils from models/ pictures: Dickinsonia, Paradoxides (Trilobita), Asteroceras (Ammonoid), Pentremites (Blastoid Echinoderm), Ichthyosaur, Archaeopteryx, Cynodont.

2. Study of homology and analogy from suitable specimens.

Skill Enhancement courses (SEC)

PART II: SEMESTER 3

SEC-1 Apiculture

Unit 1: Biology of Bees

Apis and Non-Apis Bee species and their identification. General Morphology of Apis Honey Bees, Social Organization of Bee Colony

Unit 2: Rearing of Bees

Artificial Bee rearing (Apiary), Beehives – Newton and Langstroth box, Bee Pasturage, Selection of Bee Species for Apiculture, Modern Bee Keeping Equipment

Methods of Extraction of Honey (Indigenous and Modern)

THREE-YEAR GENERAL DEGREE COURSE OF STUDIES

PART I: SEMESTER 1.

CORE COURSE 1.Animal Diversity

Unit 1: Kingdom Protista

General characters and classification up to classes (Levine et. al., 1980); Locomotory Organelles and locomotion in Amoeba and Paramecium

Unit 6: Phylum Annelida

General characters and classification up to classes (Rupert and Barnes, 1994, 6th Ed.);

Metamerism in Annelida

Unit 7: Phylum Arthropoda

General characters and classification up to classes (Ruppert and Barnes, 1994, 6th Ed.); Eye in

Cockroach, Metamorphosis in Lepidoptera

List of Practicals

1. Identification with reasons of the following specimens:

Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium, Sycon, Obelia, Aurelia, Metridium, Taenia solium, Ascaris lumbricoides (Male and female), Aphrodite, Nereis, Hirudinaria, Palaemon, Cancer, Limulus, Apis

2. Key for Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes

3. Study of anatomy of digestive system, salivary gland, mouth parts of Periplaneta, Study of reproductive system of female cockroach

PART I: SEMESTER 2.

CORE COURSE 2.Comparative Anatomy & Developmental Biology

Unit 5: Urino-genital System

Succession of kidney, Evolution of urino-genital ducts

Unit 6: Early Embryonic Development

Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis with respect to mammals. Fertilization: Sea-Urchin;

List of Practical:

1. Osteology: Limb bones, girdle and vertebra of Pigeon & Guineapig, Mammalian skulls: One herbivorous; Guinea pig and one carnivorous; Dog.

PART II: SEMESTER 4.

CORE-COURSE 4.Genetics & Evolutionary Biology

Unit 5: Origin of Life

Chemical Origin of life

Unit 6: Evolutionary Theories

Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism.

Unit 7: Process of Evolutionary changes

Isolating mechanism, Natural Selection.

Unit 8: Speciation

Sympatric, Allopatric, Parapatric

Ecology& Wild life Biology;ZOOG-DSE-B

Unit 3: Community

Community characteristics: species diversity, abundance, dominance, richness, Vertical stratification, Ecotone and edge effect.

Unit 4: Ecosystem

Types of ecosystem with an example in detail, Food chain: Detritus and grazing food chains, Linear and Y-shaped food chains, Food web, Energy flow through the ecosystem, Ecological pyramids and Ecological efficiencies

Unit 5: Wild Life

Wildlife Conservation (in-situ and ex-situ conservation): Necessity for wildlife conservation; National parks & sanctuaries, Tiger conservation - Tiger reserves in India; Management, challenges in Tiger reserve

Skill Enhancement Elective Courses (SEC)

SEMESTER –3, SEC-A

Unit 1: Biology of Bees

Classification and Biology of Honey Bees Social Organization of Bee Colony

Unit 2: Rearing of Bees

Artificial Bee rearing; Apiary, Beehives - Newton and Langstroth, Bee Pasturage; Selection of Bee Species for Apiculture; Bee Keeping Equipment; Methods of Extraction of Honey;

Indigenous and Modern