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What malicious code could possibly be contained in 14-bytes? That doesn't seem nearly enough space to contain the logic outlined by the NYT article. The article states that shortly after the message was received, the phone began sending large amounts of data.


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It's like most malware infections work: a small component, called the "dropper", is executed first and it downloads and executes other modules, until the entire malware is downloaded and executed. Those 14 bytes may very much be a dropper.

In this specific case, those 14 bytes could load parts of the movie on memory, load its address into the register, and jump into it. Examining only the video would not show anything suspicious, as the code would look like video data (or metadata), but the 14 bytes from the loader would stand out.

That is a very important fact, as many people answering here is thinking about source code, characters and all. All of that takes ~8 bits / 1 byte per character. So with 14 characters, one possibly cannot do so much.

But those 14 bytes are for sure binary! So, taking into account an ARM CPU, where one instruction is 32 bit width, including arguments, and an IP address is 32 bit. There's plenty of space to put that IP address into memory and perform a syscall.

If we're talking about a buffer overflow, more typical modern payloads are some return addresses for a ROP attack. This isn't code in the traditional sense, just the address of code fragments already present in memory. (Perhaps as the last 2 bytes of a 4 byte instruction, if we're talking about ARM Thumb2 mode, since this was a phone.)

I have an unusual situation. I recently noticed that for the past month my C:\WINDOWS|TEMP directory has been getting new zero-byte files with random names, but somewhat incremental extensions: .30, .31, .32, .33 ... .3t, .3u, .3v and then it starts again with .40, over and over again. I had over 64,000 zero byte files in my TEMP directory when I noticed it.

Running malwarebytes on my Windows 8 pc, but the scan doesn't seem to finish. It stops midscan while scanning file system and never finishes. No popups, it will just sit for several hours on scanning a single file. I'm running the latest version, and tried safe mode to no avail. Any suggestions ?

As more documents appear on the Internet, it becomes important to detect malware within the documents. Malware of non-executables might be more dangerous because people usually open them without worrying about inherent danger. Recently, deep learning models are used to analyze byte streams of the non-executables for malware detection. Although they have shown successful results, they are commonly designed for stream-level detection, but not for file-level detection. In this paper, we propose a new method that aggregates the stream-level results to get file-level results for malware detection. We demonstrate its effectiveness by experimental results with our annotated dataset, and show that it gives performance gain of 3.37-5.89% of F1 scores.

Malware ByteA smaller and less powerful variant of the Malware.General InfoCreator(s)DuncanDunclubCharacter PackDefaultToken Earnable?No (Random spawn chance)Software InfoSoftware TypeGeneral non-specific malwareAlignmentCorruptionMalware Bytes are a small and weak variant of Malware.

A novel attack that used compiled Python byte code (PYC) was identified as potentially the first supply chain attack in which bad actors executed PYC files to avoid detection and load malware, according to new research from ReversingLabs.

ReversingLabs uncovered the malicious code via static analysis and they were able to detect it because of the misconfigurations and poor C2 infrastructure setup of the malware writers, explained Timothy Morris, chief security advisor at Tanium. Morris said miscreants are always trying novel ways to get malicious code on machines anyway possible. He said this obfuscation technique allows the compile code to get past security scanners.

With increasing amount of data, the threat of malware keeps growing recently. The malicious actions embedded in nonexecutable documents especially (e.g., PDF files) can be more dangerous, because it is difficult to detect and most users are not aware of such type of malicious attacks. In this paper, we design a convolutional neural network to tackle the malware detection on the PDF files. We collect malicious and benign PDF files and manually label the byte sequences within the files. We intensively examine the structure of the input data and illustrate how we design the proposed network based on the characteristics of data. The proposed network is designed to interpret high-level patterns among collectable spatial clues, thereby predicting whether the given byte sequence has malicious actions or not. By experimental results, we demonstrate that the proposed network outperform several representative machine-learning models as well as other networks with different settings.

Recently, as the file exchanges increase, intelligent attacks using documents with malicious code are increasing rapidly. Most Internet users are aware of the danger of files attached to mails or websites in forms of execution files. However, because people are not conscious at the documents, they become a good channel to deliver malware. Of the documented malware, PDF-based attack is one of the major attacks because of the flexibility of PDFs in contrast to other document formats. Most malicious PDF documents embed binary or JavaScript codes triggering specific vulnerabilities and perform malicious actions, as described in [1]. Various studies have been conducted to detect such malicious PDFs. The previous studies usually focused on feature extraction from the documents and applied the features to machine-learning models. Some of widely used features include the PDF structure information, entity property, metadata information, encoding method, content property, and lexicon-based features. Although such hand-crafted features have shown successful results, it requires much effort to design the features.

Malware is a program written to give an undesirable or harmful effect on a computer system. As the technology of malicious code generation by attackers becomes more intelligent, various researches have been conducted for detection and analysis of malicious codes. The malware can be divided into two categories: executables and nonexecutables. There have been many security programs to detect malicious actions in the form of portable executable files (e.g., Norton, Kaspersky). However, the nonexecutables (e.g., malicious actions in PDF documents) are easy to bypass some existing security programs and there is a high risk of false positives. Such document type malware is known to be more dangerous, as it is often considered as being insignificant by common users.

Note that these studies commonly require intensive feature engineering process, because it will almost determine the performance (i.e., accuracy) of the malware detection. In this paper, we designed a convolutional neural network to tackle the malware detection on nonexecutables. Although the proposed network allows getting results by just pushing the binary sequences into it without feature engineering, it is still important to investigate the structure of the target data. That is, the neural networks automatically capture features, but the features are obtained from input data which must be defined by an expert. Furthermore, understanding of the data structure helps to design better networks. In this paper, we target the PDF files because PDF-based attacks are known to be one of the major attacks recently. The following subsection provides detailed explanation about the structure of the PDFs.

The JavaScript code is contained in a stream, one of the PDF object types, where the object types include Boolean values, arrays, dictionaries, streams, and indirect objects. The stream is a collection of consecutive bytes of binary data that varies in length. The stream is normally supposed to contain large image files or page composition objects. A sample of stream object in a benign PDF file is shown in Figure 1. The object number is 141 and has 1,392 bytes. This stream can be decoded using FlateDecode filter, and the result is depicted in Figure 2. The function in this sample seems normal, but it is obvious that the users will be in danger if some malicious actions are contained in the stream.

In this study, we do not perform lexical analysis on JavaScript code or run PDF documents for dynamic analysis as in previous studies. We design a convolutional neural network that takes a byte sequence of a stream as an input and predicts whether the input sequence contains malicious actions or not. In next subsection, we briefly review the previous studies adopting neural networks to tackle the malware detection task.

There have been few studies thus far in applying neural networks to malicious software (malware) detection. Most recent works among them have used features extracted through dynamic analysis, so the features are extracted under the binary run in a virtualized environment. Kolosnjaji et al. [14] proposed a combination of convolutions and long short-term memory (LSTM) [15] to classify malware types based on the features of the API call sequences. Huang and Strokes [16] defined a manual 114 high-level features out of API calls as well as original function calls to predict malware types. This approach is essentially composed of two models, malware detection and malware type classification. The authors argued that the shared parameters of the two models contribute to improving the overall performance. These studies of dynamic analysis are performed on a certain nonpublic emulation environments, which makes it difficult to reproduce the works. 17dc91bb1f

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