Public Law is concerned with the relationship between the state (government) and individuals, as well as the relationship between various state institutions. It regulates matters that affect society as a whole and seeks to maintain order, protect public interests, and uphold constitutional rights. Public law encompasses areas such as constitutional law, which deals with the organization and powers of government; administrative law, which regulates the actions of government agencies; and criminal law, which defines offenses against society and prescribes punishments for wrongdoers. 

Private Law, on the other hand, governs the relationships between private individuals or entities. It is concerned with disputes between private parties, whether individuals, businesses, or other organizations. Private law covers areas like contract law, tort law, property law, and family law, and its primary objective is to resolve conflicts, protect private rights, and ensure fairness in private dealings. In private law, the state acts as a neutral facilitator, providing legal frameworks and courts to resolve disputes, but it does not have the same direct involvement in regulating the parties' actions as it does in public law.