Water is essential for life; over 70% of the planet’s living organisms are found in aquatic environments. In addition, the chemical and biological processes in aquatic environments are affected by the water’s chemical composition. Therefore, man has sought to find ways of collecting, storing, transporting and processing water to support human demands. In addition, various technologies have been developed to treat, cleanse and make use of polluted water. Contaminated water— also called “sewage”— can cause disease in humans and other organisms if not treated or purified. Water can be purified by distilling it or by heating it above its boiling point. Distillation involves heating water to a high temperature and then cooling it down rapidly to separate elements or compounds from the water. The reversed osmasis water purifier extracts minerals from natural sources like rainwater and riverbeds using conductive solids like clay or sand that attract metal ions such as copper or iron. The collected ions are then heated up to separate the minerals from the water.