Macmillan English Dictionary For Advanced Learners 2nd Edition Free Download NEW!

Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, also known as MEDAL, is an advanced learner's dictionary first published in 2002 by Macmillan Education. It shares most of the features of this type of dictionary: it provides definitions in simple language, using a controlled defining vocabulary; most words have example sentences to illustrate how they are typically used; and information is given about how words combine grammatically or in collocations. MEDAL also introduced a number of innovations.[1][2] These include:

Which dictionary do I buy? And what is difference between one and the others? 1.Oxford dictionary 2.collins dictionary 3.cambridge dictionary 4.macmillan dictionary 5.american.heritage 6.merriam-webster dictionary

Macmillan English Dictionary For Advanced Learners 2nd Edition Free Download

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In today's digital world, online dictionaries present us with more information than ever before. Electronic dictionaries are more than just dictionaries. Apart from giving dictionary users the meanings of words, these reference resources can be perceived as repositories of extensive knowledge about the language. This knowledge is shared with users online via different kinds of learning tools, such as videos, language games and quizzes, thesauruses (integrated into dictionaries), blogs, translator tools, exam practice exercises and word of the day or word of the week features. No doubt, learning a foreign language outside a context restricted to book learning can be a more pleasant experience for the language learner. The wide array of online learning tools made available to users on the internet presents ample opportunity for students to further their linguistic skills. But do learners actually consult all of the different tools accompanying present-day online dictionaries? And assuming they do, how often do they decide to use them? Another question pertaining to the present report is how useful are these learning tools for students of English?

The principal source of lexicographic information in an online monolingual learners' dictionary is the dictionary page. Learners of a language consult dictionaries primarily for meaning (Summers 1988: 113-114; Nuccorini 1992: 89-90; Lew 2010: 291-292; Ptasznik 2022: 236-237). In dictionaries, meanings of words are supplemented with example sentences, collocational and grammatical information (grammar codes and grammar patterns, word forms, syntactic class information), pronunciation and frequency information, helpful sense-navigation devices in the form of signposts and menus (appearing with the most polysemous words), synonyms and related words, as well as etymological and derivational information. Additionally, different English monolingual learners' dictionaries have their own unique features, appearing on the dictionary page under specific entries. For example, the Macmillan Dictionary incorporates Metaphor boxes (for words and phrases appearing with their metaphorical meanings), Get It Right! boxes (which illustrate correct usage of words, grammatical patterns, provide examples of grammatically incorrect sentences, etc.) and Expressing yourself boxes (for example, they show what types of phrases one can use when suggesting something politely in a formal context). From the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, users can advance their knowledge of grammar patterns from Grammar notes and Common Errors notes, whereas the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary provides users with extra Vocabulary Building sections.

In the light of the fact that correct use of collocations1 creates a serious challenge to language learners (Bahns and Eldaw 1993: 101; Herbst 2010: 225; Lew and Radowska 2010: 43; Chan 2012: 69), dictionaries may additionally incorporate corpus-based collocations dictionaries tailored to suit learners' productive needs. To give an example, the Macmillan Collocations Dictionary of the Macmillan Dictionary supplies dictionary users with a wide range of strong collocates for core vocabulary. Entries, which are organized by grammar and meaning, include collocations for different kinds of grammatical relations (adjective + noun, verb + noun, noun + verb, adverb + adjective, etc.) and may also provide valuable usage notes (see entries for recognize2 and vanish). Importantly, the Macmillan Collocations Dictionary has been geared to meet the needs of all types of learners, regardless of their proficiency levels.

By and large, publishers also endeavor to develop a closer bond between the user and lexicographer. The Macmillan Dictionary includes the Open Dictionary feature, which enables users to participate in the dictionary-making process, by creating the opportunity for learners to suggest words that could be added to the dictionary, given their frequently-recurring usage in the language. Whether the word or phrase will eventually be incorporated into the dictionary or not is a decision solely made by lexicographers.

The online version of the Macmillan Dictionary was selected for the evaluation of the usefulness of the learning tools in online dictionaries. This decision rested on two premises. First, in a previous survey of dictionary preferences (Ptasznik 2022), examining the lexical resources that students of English choose to consult, it was found that the Macmillan Dictionary is the second most frequently consulted British English monolingual learners' dictionary among the students participating in the survey (the respondents of the previous survey were provided with five different answer options, which also included the Cambridge Dictionary, Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Collins Online Dictionary and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English). In order to answer the purpose of the survey, it was assumed that using this particular reference source would increase the reliability and validity of the evaluation of specific online learning tools, given the students' familiarity with this digital resource. Second, the Macmillan Dictionary presents dictionary users with a comprehensive range of learning tools available online at the click of a mouse. Apart from using the dictionary page, users can learn English by accessing the Macmillan Collocations Dictionary, Macmillan Thesaurus, Macmillan Dictionary Blog, Language Quizzes, Games and Puzzles, Videos (Real Grammar, Real Vocabulary and Real World English videos), Buzzwords and Trending Words. Importantly, the abovementioned language learning tools share the common features of the learning tools in the remaining monolingual learners' dictionaries that are available online. All things considered, it was the Macmillan Dictionary that was deemed to be the most suitable dictionary for the evaluation of the usefulness of the learning tools in online dictionaries.

To meet the aims of the research, it was divided into two parts. In the first part, the students were asked to attend a one-hour lecture devoted to the topic of learning tools in online dictionaries. Several lectures were given, with a turnout of approximately 40-70 students for each separate lecture. The lectures were delivered by the researcher at the Faculty of Humanities of the university. As mentioned above, the Macmillan Dictionary was selected for the evaluation of the usefulness of the learning tools in online dictionaries. During the lecture, it was explained in detail to the study participants what kinds of learning tools have been made available to dictionary users by Macmillan Dictionary publishers: Dictionary page, Macmillan Collocations Dictionary, Macmillan Thesaurus, Macmillan Dictionary Blog, Language Quizzes, Games and Puzzles, Videos (Real Grammar, Real Vocabulary and Real World English videos), Buzzwords, Open Dictionary (entries4) and Trending Words. All of these learning tools were discussed in as much detail as possible within the required one-hour time frame, with specific learning tools being displayed to the participants on screen. Taking into account the fact that Polish students of English are familiar with this specific digital product (Ptasznik 2022), the lecture merely served as a reminder of what specific learning tools can be accessed from the dictionary. Examples of similar learning tools from the remaining monolingual learners' dictionaries were provided during the course of the lecture. For example, the following features from the Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary were presented to the students: Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, Games & Quizzes, Videos, Word of the Day, Words at Play. At the end of the lecture, the students were allowed to ask questions.

The findings invite some general conclusions. The data obtained from 318 participants suggest that upper-intermediate and advanced students of English highly value learning tools that provide them with information about collocations and synonyms (and related words). In the present survey, both the Macmillan Collocations Dictionary and Macmillan Thesaurus received the highest ratings from the respondents. As many as 43% (136 students) of the students gave the Macmillan Thesaurus a rating of 7, while the Macmillan Collocations Dictionary received the same rating from a slightly lower number of students (134 students). The survey participants were satisfied with the Dictionary page. More than three quarters (86%) of the students held the view that the Dictionary page was useful, by giving it a rating within the range of 5-7. Given that dictionary users consult dictionaries primarily for meaning, and taking into account various user-friendly features of the dictionary, such as entry navigation devices in the form of menus5 (used for the most polysemous words, for example, under the entry see), hyperlinking, recordings of sounds and noises (see Lew 2010: 297; Jackson 2018: 545; Heuberger 2020: 407), customization (e.g. show/hide further synonyms and/or related words), grammar patterns, Metaphor Boxes, and the incorporation of example sentences, this finding does not come as a surprise. In addition, it appears that English majors from Polish universities appreciate different types of language games and quizzes that can be accessed from an online dictionary. The data show that the students rated Language Quizzes, Games, Puzzles as a more useful learning tool than all the remaining features, that is the Macmillan Dictionary Blog, Videos, Buzzwords, Open Dictionary, Red Words and Stars and Trending Words. 51% of the students gave Language Quizzes, Games, Puzzles a rating of either 6 or 7. By comparison, this figure came close to reaching the ratings of the Dictionary page, with 58% of the respondents giving the Dictionary page a rating of 6 or 7. The participants found the Open Dictionary entries quite appealing, with more than 50% of the respondents giving it a rating of 5 or 6. The students rated the Macmillan Dictionary Blog as the least useful learning tool of the Macmillan Dictionary. More than half of the students (51%) gave it a rating of 3 or 4. ff782bc1db