Research areas
Primary: Applied Microeconomics, Labor and Gender Economics
Secondary: Education and Family Economics
JOB MARKET PAPER (available here)
Learning Together, Working Together? Coeducation and the Gender Earnings Gap in France
Can a change in children's school environment at an early age impact gender inequality decades later? I study the gradual end of sex segregation in French elementary schools between 1958 and 1975, which proceeded at different speeds across departments. Combining newly digitized historical school data with administrative earnings records, I estimate the long-run effects of exposure to coeducation between ages six and ten. Full exposure to coeducation reduces the gender gap in log earnings at age 40 by about one-third, raising women's earnings relative to men's by 19%. The results point to changes in education and occupational allocation as plausible channels: coeducation increases women's educational attainment and reduces occupational gender segregation. These findings suggest that the organization of children's early social environment can have persistent consequences for gender inequality in adulthood.
🎙️Covered on VoxTalks Economics: The next generation: Paris ‘25
Presentations: AMSE Informal Gender Reading Group 2023, AMSE PhD Seminar 2024, 2025 (Marseille, France), Junior Research Day Spring 2024 (Paris, France), SOFI Brown Bag Spring 2025 (Stockholm, Sweden), SU&IIES Labor Fika Spring 2025 (Stockholm, Sweden), IRES Seminar 2025 (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium), LAGV 2025 (Marseille, France), Tor Vergata PhD Conference 2025 (Rome, Italy), CEPR Paris Symposium 2025 Poster Session (Paris, France), 10th LEER Conference 2026 (Leuven, Belgium), Stata Conference 2026 (Marseille, France), SaNE Conference 2026 (Crieff, United Kingdom), LAGV 2026 (Aix-en-Provence, France), AFSE Conference 2026 (Nantes, France), RES Conference 2026 (Newcastle, United Kingdom), EALE Conference 2026 (Barcelona, Spain)
Working Paper
Giorgi, L., Raiber, E. (2025) Fertility Constraints and Marriage Outcomes in Competitive Marriage Markets
AMSE Working Paper, CEPR Discussion Paper
[R&R Journal of Population Economics]
Presentations: AMSE PhD Seminar 2023 (Marseille, France), AFEPOP 2024 (Paris, France), Stata Conference 2024 (Marseille, France), JMA 2024 (Lille, France), LAGV 2024 (Marseille, France), Doctoral Workshop on Applied Econometrics 2024 (Konstanz, Germany).
Population policies are typically evaluated through their effects on fertility. This paper studies whether fertility constraints also affect marriage outcomes. We exploit the relaxation of China’s one-child policy in a context of a male-biased sex ratio, where exemptions from the one-child restriction previously allowed some groups to have a second child. Using province-level policy variation and individual data from 2010–2018, we show that after the policy relaxation, men who were previously eligible for a second child experienced a decline in marriage probabilities relative to previously constrained men, while women’s marriage outcomes were unaffected. Decomposing the overall effect, we find that on average previously eligible men experienced a decline in marriage probability of 3.5 percentage points, while never eligible men gained 2.2 percentage points. The effects are concentrated in high-fertility areas and in provinces with a strong sex imbalance, suggesting that differential fertility constraints affect who gets married when there is a demand for multiple children and strong marriage market competition.
Work in Progress
Gender and Success in the Media with Quentin Lippmann and Adrien Montalbo
Women receive less news coverage than men and are portrayed differently when covered. These differences may reflect gender gaps in professional success or differential treatment by the media. This paper examines how gender differences in media coverage change following major professional achievements. We focus on three domains in France from 2001 to 2026: politics, culture, and sports. Using ministerial appointments, major cultural awards, and Olympic medals, we compare individuals who achieved a major success to those who nearly did, before and after the event. We collect 188,036 articles from major French newspapers and use large language models to classify their content. Before success, we show that women are less visible than men, are less often portrayed in professional terms, and are more often described through personal characteristics. Following success, we find that the gender gap in media visibility disappears, while most differences in portrayal persist. These results suggest that major professional achievements can close gender gaps in media visibility without eliminating differences in how women and men are portrayed.
Other publication
G. Dufrénot, L. Giorgi (2026) Globalization and the Phillips curve: A G7 comparative study - In Challenges of Global Economic and Social Transformations: Financial Markets, Structural Change and Economic Development, edited by Gilles Dufrénot and Takashi Matsuki. Palgrave. (available here)