This article seeks to situate the importance of orality in southern African communities within the paradigm of Technauriture, that being the intersection of technology, auriture and literature and how it relates to imparting educational messages within South Africa in particular. The process of orality as allowed for through, for example oral histories, music, poetry and story-telling, and how it interacts with the recording process facilitated through modern technology, as well as the return of the oral material via technology in educational and archival circles is further explored in this article. The question which this article seeks to understand is how technology can contribute in the educational milieu. Furthermore, orality still proliferates in South Africa and it is used for both documentation and dissemination of information in an educational and archival manner. This process is explored further in relation to contemporary forms of isiXhosa oral literature or Technauriture.
Does anyone have any resources for studying the great works that include non-western works? I'm thinking mainly of Chinese and Vedic works, but also African and other Asian and I would include early Slavic, Gaelic, and Nordic works as not being part of the so-called Western Tradition. I notice that the intermediate level reading lists here and in WTM the book, include overviews but what about direct study.
Having an almost entirely Western focused classical study seems horribly parochial in the 21st Century.
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You might esp. find the Lightning Lit and the Annenberg Learner and Coursera MOOCs helpful for Chinese and Vedic works, as well as the Teaching Company lecture series. I took the liberty of copy-pasting the contemporary/modern titles from previous threads, even though you are asking for ancient and medieval non-Western/non-European works, in case you are interested. Warmest regards, Lori D.
Anthologies
Norton Anthology of World Literature, or Shorter Edition Vol 2Literature and Integrated Studies: World Literature, Scott Foresman
Holt McDougal Modern World Literature
Many Voices: A Multi-Cultural Reader, Perfection Learning
MOOCs (free mass open online courses at an intro college level)
- Annenberg Learner website: Introduction to World Literature course
- Coursera: Classics of Chinese Humanities, Guided Readings
- MIT Literature courses -- scroll through the list to find a few World Lit and non-Western Lit options
- edX Literature courses -- scroll through the list to find a few World Lit and non-Western Lit options
A lot of this stuff is simply not read by most high school students outside of excerpts and summaries. I'll just throw out the Asian lit, because that's the stuff I know best... Like, I don't see high school students reading the entire Ramayana or The Mahabarata (or even the Gita) or all of Journey to the West or Dream of the Red Chamber or The Tale of Genji. All of that stuff is worth reading for sure... but there are a lot of Western students who haven't even heard of that stuff.
I guess I wasn't very clear, was I? By direct study, I simply meant studying the works themselves and not works about the works, summaries, etc. but actually studying the non-Western Great Books themselves.
I haven't found this to be true and there aren't any specific works, that's not what I meant, I want to know what works are out there. I've found world literature books to be overly selective in general.
Initially, I'm looking for a good outline of the great works that aren't included in traditional classical study. Or even just a list. I'm looking to start from a list of the Great books that includes eastern works or that is exclusively non-western so that I can merge the two. An ordered list like the list of Western classics in WTM would be a good place to start. Sure, I can go thru country by country or region by region, hunting for apparent great works and following down links ad infinitum, but that's pretty inefficient. My personal knowledge of the great works, particularly from the Ancient period, outside the West is pretty much limited to religious works, primarily Hindu, Buddhist, and Taoist works. My knowledge of secular works is scant. I'm not looking for a concentration in any one area but to be able to sprinkle some Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Mongol, Persian, African, etc, together with some pre-Roman Europe, Sub-Saharan, and American legends, in amongst the Western classics so the student doesn't get a lopsided view of the world.
That's exactly my concern. I am not familiar with some of "that stuff", if I've even ever heard of it. And I consider myself fairly well educated and worldly. I read the Gita and the Tao Te Ching in high school on my own but I had little idea what else was out there, particularly outside the canon they were part of.
It may be that I simply need to build such a list and search for guides to the works myself but that alone suggests the lopsided nature of most classical study. I'll take a look at some of the references that Lori D. suggests and see where that takes me.
Initially, I'm looking for a good outline of the great works that aren't included in traditional classical study. Or even just a list. I'm looking to start from a list of the Great books that includes eastern works...
Ah, this makes it much more clear what you are looking for. I took your original post to be a request for resources (guides, lectures, courses) to aid in the study of classic non-Western literature.
I'll disagree that world history textbooks can't be a good starting place. Prentice Hall's World Masterpieces from the 90's and early 2000's is a total masterpiece of a textbook that includes a ton of great content from Asia, Africa, and the Americas as well as Europe.
All of these things are focused on excerpts. However, I'd argue that excerpts coupled with a few longer works are a better place to start and are also going to miles ahead of what most American students are getting. Plus, with a compilation, you can use poetry, which is going to be a good thing as well. There is always limited time. Even with the "Western canon" you're not likely to read it all in high school. And, just honestly, for most Western students, there's an additional barrier when reading works from the non-Western canon. Our kids grow up hearing children's versions of The Iliad and have the background of knowing Christian mythology when they approach Western classes. When they go to approach a book like The Mahabarata or Journey to the West, there's a cultural barrier, plus a lack of having grown up with the stories, plus a lack of background knowledge from children's versions. I mean, kids in China grow up reading comics and watching cartoon versions of the Monkey King stories as well as all those costume soap operas on TV - they're primed to read these classics. Kids in India grow up reading comic book stories about Rama and the stories from the Mahabarata and going to temple and knowing their Hindu mythology and so forth - they're also primed to read those stories in their original and classic forms as teens. Western kids, not so much. Which is okay. It's just... I think you have to assume that it takes more effort. And that this is closer to the "first pass" that you're doing in WTM style thinking for kids in elementary and middle school. Except, you can also throw in portions of the original text.
I'd also urge you not to get stuck on "classics" too much. Think about American literature. Our "canon" begins with works like Hawthorne and Melville, not that long ago. When you're looking at Africa and the rest of the Americas, while there are works of mythology and a few things... it's the same sort of deal. The great canon of African literature really begins within living memory with Achebe and Bessie Head and Wole Soyinka and so forth. The canon of American literature (as in, not US) really doesn't stretch back so much farther. Authors like Garcia Marquez or Borges are really some of the largest figures. So, just consider that when you're assembling your lists. Again, I HIGHLY recommend that Prentice Hall textbook - it includes these more modern authors as well from around the world... as well as some of the more recent European authors that are often left out of American educations, like the Russians or Italo Calvino or the like.
Deirdre Anne -- agreeing with your thoughts that non-Western Lit. needs a larger place in Western education -- but also agreeing with Farrar's thoughts above as to *why* non-Western Lit is not a larger part of the educational process.
Shared history and cultural understanding is a huge hurdle to clear to be able to really have literature "speak" to you as you study it. Language construction itself shapes how brains operate, and thus how an author communicates, and what kinds of images, themes and thoughts show up in a work, as well as what kind of "forms" the literature takes. (Example: forms in poetry, such as haiku, sonnet, etc.)
And just going to add one more thing to think about that will come into play as you plan your Literature study -- and that is time. You will have very limited time for a Great Books study -- just one year (12th grade). There is no way to study major works from all the major cultures from over 4500 years of literature in 1 year of high school. Nor in 4 years of high school. Not even in 12 years of grade 1-12 classical education.
Even with Western classics, the older the work, the more you typically have to slow down in order to get a grasp on the culture of that time/place. And to understand the the form of the literature takes time to "click" into a new and unfamiliar "reading gear". For example, reading The Iliad or Beowulf requires learning how to read the particular epic form, as epics are written in specific types of poetic forms. And both of those epic forms are very different -- very different cultures/locations of origin, and 1000+ years apart in writing. And, reading a translated work also takes longer to "get into the mindset" of this foreign culture, even if it is a Western culture. To read non-Western classics, you'll need to budget even more time to learn about the history and culture. 152ee80cbc
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