Linux Basic Commands: A Free Guide for Beginners
Linux is a popular operating system that powers many devices, from servers to smartphones. Linux is also free and open source, which means anyone can use it and modify it according to their needs. However, Linux can be intimidating for beginners who are not familiar with its command-line interface. In this article, we will introduce some of the most common and useful Linux commands that can help you perform various tasks on your Linux system. We will also provide a link to a free PowerPoint presentation that explains these commands in more detail.
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What are Linux Commands?
Linux commands are instructions that you type in a terminal window to tell your Linux system what to do. A terminal window is a text-based interface that allows you to interact with your Linux system using commands. You can open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T on most Linux distributions, or by searching for "terminal" in the application menu.
Linux commands have a general syntax of:
command [options] [arguments]
The command is the name of the program that you want to run, such as ls, mkdir, or cat. The options are optional flags that modify the behavior of the command, such as -l, -a, or -v. The arguments are optional parameters that provide additional information to the command, such as filenames, directories, or text.
Some Basic Linux Commands
Here are some of the basic Linux commands that you should know:
ls: This command lists the contents of the current directory or any other directory that you specify as an argument. For example, ls -l lists the files and directories in a long format with more details, such as permissions, size, and modification date. ls -a lists all the files and directories, including the hidden ones that start with a dot.
mkdir: This command creates a new directory with the name that you specify as an argument. For example, mkdir student creates a new directory called student in the current directory. If the directory already exists, it will return an error message.
cat: This command displays the contents of a file or concatenates multiple files together. For example, cat file1 displays the contents of file1 on the screen. cat file1 file2 > file3 concatenates file1 and file2 and redirects the output to file3.
touch: This command creates an empty file with the name that you specify as an argument. For example, touch file1 creates an empty file called file1 in the current directory.
cp: This command copies a file from one location to another. For example, cp file1 file2 copies file1 to file2 in the same directory. cp file1 student/file2 copies file1 to file2 in the student directory.
cd: This command changes the current working directory to the one that you specify as an argument. For example, cd student changes the current directory to student. cd .. changes the current directory to its parent directory.
mv: This command moves or renames a file or directory. For example, mv file1 file2 renames file1 to file2 in the same directory. mv file1 student/file2 moves file1 to file2 in the student directory.
pwd: This command prints the current working directory with its full path name. For example, /home/user/student.
whereis: This command locates the sources and manual pages of a command. For example, whereis cat shows where cat is located on your system and where its manual page is stored.
whatis: This command provides a brief description
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