Foundational skills of reading, writing, and basic comprehension—often centered around print media (books, newspapers, etc.) 

• Reading and Writing Skills: The ability to decode written words, understand their meaning, and produce coherent written communication.

• Print-Based Focus: Traditional literacy has primarily been associated with print, such as reading a book or writing an essay.

• Linear Processing: Emphasis on reading and writing in a linear manner, where information is typically consumed from start to finish in a sequential format.

• Focus on Individual Learning: It generally involves more independent and focused engagement with texts.

Evolving set of skills needed to navigate, interpret, and create content in a digital, multimodal world. With the advent of the internet, social media, multimedia, and interactive technologies, new forms of literacy have emerged. 

• Digital Literacy: The ability to use technology to access, evaluate, and create information. This includes understanding how to use various tools (smartphones, computers, apps, etc.) and platforms (websites, social media, etc.).

• Multimodal Literacy: The ability to interpret and produce meaning through multiple modes—text, images, videos, sounds, and more.

• Critical Literacy: A focus on questioning and analyzing the power dynamics, biases, and motives behind media messages. 

• Information Literacy: The ability to search for, evaluate, and use information critically in a variety of contexts, especially online. 

• Media Literacy: The ability to understand and create media in different formats, whether it’s understanding how ads work, analyzing the purpose of news media, or producing content for digital platforms (e.g., creating videos, blogs, or social media posts).

• Collaborative and Interactive: New literacies often involve social engagement, collaboration, and interaction with others in virtual spaces.