About the Week: 1-7 August.

Unit 1: Getting acquainted.

Customs around the world.

Greetings.

People around the world have different customs for greeting each other. For this reason, what is customary for greeting in Asia may not be customary for a person in the Americas.

Some people bow.

Some people kiss once or twice.

Some people shake hands.

Some people hug.

Exchanging Business Cards.

Some people have very formal or informal customs. In some cases, people use two hands and look at the card carefully. In others, they accept a card with one hand and quickly put it in a pocket.

Getting Acquainted.

When people are getting to know each other, there are some topics of conversation that are not considered appropriate. In some places, it’s not polite to ask people about how much money they make or how old they are. But in other places, people think those topics are appropriate.

Vocabulary: Tourist activities around the world.

Climb Mt. Fuji

Go sightseeing in New York

Go to the top of the Eiffel Tower.

Try Korean food.

Take a tour of the Tower of London.

Take pictures of the Great Wall.

1. She has climbed Mt. Fuji twice.

2. They haven't gone sightseeing in New York.

3. He hasn't gone to the top of Eiffel Tower.

4. I haven't tried Korean food.

5. They've taken a tour of the Tower of London.

6. She has taken pictures of the Great Wall.

Present Perfect Tense.

What is the Present Perfect used for?

It's used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action itself. The present perfect tense is used to described:

An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. E.g., Lina has lived in Barranquilla since 2003 (and she still do).
An action performed during a period of time that hasn't finished yet. E.g., They have been to the mall twice this week (and the week isn't over yet).
A repeated action in an unspecified period of time between the past and now. E.g., Jack has visited England several times.
An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by "just". E.g., They have just finished their work.
An action when the time isn't important. E.g., We have read "Feminism is for Everybody" (and the result of the reading is important).

Information taken from: ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/present-perfect/

How is the Present Perfect form?

Affirmative: Subject + have/has + verb in past participle + complement.E.g., They have gone to the cinema.
Negative: Subject + have/has + not + verb in past participle + complement.E.g., They haven't gone to the cinema.
Interrogative: Have/has + subject + verb in past participle + complement.E.g., Have they gone to the cinema?

Some examples of Present Perfect:

We've taken the 2:00 express train many times.
I have gone to the mall.
Has Jacky met our new teacher?
Have they been to this class before?
Have you eaten in the new school restaurant?
She has already tried Guatemalan food.
We haven't taken a tour of Prague yet.
Have you been to Buenos Aires?

Grammar: Already, before, ever, never and yet.

Already.

Refers to an action that has happened at an unspecified time before now. It suggests that there is no need for repetition.E.g., We’ve already seen the Great Wall.

Before.

We use before to connect earlier events to the moment of speaking or to a point of time in the past.E.g., He hasn’t been to Boston before.

Ever.

It express the idea of an unidentified time before now. Ever is used in questions, in negative questions, in negative statements using the pattern nothing + ever or nobody + ever, and with "first time".E.g., They haven’t ever visited Mexico. E.g., Have you ever eaten Indian food?

Never.

Never means at no time before now, and is the same as "not ever". But you have to be careful, because you must not use never and not together.E.g., They have never visited Mexico.

Yet.

It's used in negative statements and questions, to mean (not) in the period of time between before now and now, (not) up to and including the present. Yet is usually placed at the end of the sentence.E.g., Have you toured Quito yet?

Important:

Use ever or before in yes / no questions about life experiences.
Use yet or already in yes / no questions about recent experiences.
Always place before and yet at the end of statements and questions.

Information taken from: https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/present-perfect-ever-never-already-yet/

About the Week: 8-12 August.

Gestures and costums.

About the hand.

The hand is the part of the body at the end of the arm that is used for holding, moving, touching, and feeling things. The hand is composed of: 1. Thumb.2. Index finger.3. Middle finger.4. Ring finger.5. Little finger/pinkie.6. Palm.7. Fist.

Article: non-verbal language.

Title: "Get off on the Right Foot: Don’t Let the Wrong Gesture Ruin Your Day".
Main idea: The article talks about the importance of non-verbal communication, it states that we must be careful with gestures and body language because in every part of the world they have different meanings. So, the simplest gesture for us can become offensive to another person.

Vocabulary: Participal adjectives.

The safari was fascinating. (They were fascinated).
E.g., they were fascinated by other cultures.

The skip was thrilling. (They were thrilled).
E.g., Louis travels to have thrilling experiences.

The sky-dive was frightening. (They were frightened).
E.g., Harry does things that other people think are frightening.

The food was disgusting. (They were disgusted).
E.g., Bloom was disgusted by something.

Unit 2: Going to the movies.

Activity preview: going to the movies.

Focus on language with the underlined words.

1. A bunch of has the same meaning as a lot of.2. It's my treat has the same meaning as I will pay.3. I missed has the same meaning as I didn't see.4. They say has the same meaning as I've heard.5. Frankly has the same meaning as to tell you the truth.6. I can't stand has the same meaning as really don't like.

A noun that has the same meaning as “movie.” - Film.
Two different adjectives that are related to “fighting” or “killing.” - Violent, bloody.
An adjective that means “really great.” - Spectacular.

Test.

Simple past or present perfect test.

A. Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps.

1. We worked in a restaurant in May 2001. (To work).2. Jack broke the window of the gym this morning. (To break).3. I'm sorry. I have forgotten my diary. (To forget).4. Last Monday she checked her computer. (To check).5. They have cleaned the bike. It looks new again. (To clean).6. Two years ago Mary visited Bath. (To visit).7. I haven’t been to Siberia yet. (Not/to be).8. Yesterday we played volleyball. (To play).9. Have you ever done magic tricks? (To do).10. The children haven’t cleaned their room. It's still dirty. (Not/to clean).

B. Signal words in sentences – Which sentence/question is correct?

1. A) Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928. B) Alexander Fleming just discovered penicillin.2. A) Did he ride his bike two hours ago? B) Did he ride his bike yet? 3. A) We have cleaned the car last Thursday. B) We have just cleaned the car.4. A) My grandmother has already got up. B) My grandmother got up an hour ago.5. A) I have not visited my uncle two weeks ago. B) I have not visited my uncle yet. 6. A) Have you ever seen a rattlesnake? B) Have you seen a rattlesnake yesterday?7. A) They have never written a text message. B) They have not written a text message in the last lesson.8. A) They just went to town. B) They went to town yesterday.9. A) We already bought this car. B) We bought this car in 2003.10. A) Anke ever moved to England. B) Anke moved to England in August 2006.

C. Which tense is used with the following actions?

1. Action beginning in the past and still continuing. A) Present perfect. B) Simple past.2. Result of an action in the past is important in the present. A) Present perfect. B) Simple past.3. Action finished in the past. A) Present perfect. B) Simple past.

D. Put in the correct verb forms.

1. My father _______ his video camara yesterday. A) Forgets. B) Forgot. C) Forgotten.2. Steven _______ across the Atlantic. A) Has never flew. B) Has never flown. C) Has never fly.3. _______ a snake? A) Have you ever touch. B) Have you ever touched.4. We _______ the film at home. A) Have already saw. B) Have already see. C) Have already seen.5. She _______ the contest three years ago. A) Didn't win. B) Didn't won.6. They _______ their books out yet. A) Haven't take. B) Haven't taken. C) Haven't took.7. The thieves _______ the painting in 1999. A) Steal. B) Stole. C) Stolen.8. Last week my uncle _______ a new car. A) Driven. B) Drives. C) Drove.9. I _______ the blue pen. A) Have just choose. B) Have just chose. C) Have just chosen.10. When _______ this morning? A) Did you wake up. B) Did you woke up. C) Did you woken up.

E. Which answers are correct?

1. Which words are used with the Present Perfect? A) Already. B) Ever. C) Just. D) Last week. E) Tomorrow. F) Yesterday. G) Yet.2. Which words are used with the Simple Past? A) Ever. B) In 2004. C) Just. D) Last week. E) Now. F) Two days ago. G) Yesterday.3. Which verb forms are used with the Present Perfect? A) 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs. B) 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs. C) Had + infinitive + -ed. D) Has + infinitive + -ed. E) Have + infinitive + -ed. F) Have/has + past participle.4. Which verb forms are used with the Simple Past? A) 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs. B) Infinitive + -ed. C) Had + past participle. D) Have/has + past participle.5. Which sentences/questions are in the Present Perfect? A) Did you finish your letter this morning? B) Have you finished your letter? C) She is reading the book. D) She's read the book.6. Which sentences/questions are in the Simple Past? A) He has read a book. B) He read a book. C) He reads a book. D) I listened to music. E) I'm listening to music.

F. Negate the sentences.

1. Simon ordered a pizza. — Simon didn't order a pizza.2. The pupils were in the gym. — The pupils weren't in the gym.3. She has sent an invitation card. — She hasn't sent an invitation card.4. The children have cleaned their teeth. — The children haven't cleaned their teeth.5. A thief stole the handbag. — A thief didn't steal the handbag.6. Matthew looked after the baby. — Matthew didn't look after the baby.7. He has missed the school bus. — He hasn't missed the school bus.8. I woke up at 8 o'clock. — I didn't wake up at 8 o'clock.9. You have understood the text. — You haven't understood the text.10. We've worked in a snack bar. — We haven't worked in a snack bar.

About the Week: 16-19 August.

Vocabulary: since, for, always, lately, recently, still, so far.

Always.

Always can mean "on every occasion", "forever" or "very frequently". In present perfect, the "always" is usually stuck in between "have" an the past participle form of the verb.E.g., I’ve always wanted to see Car Planet.

For.

We use for to talk about a length of time: five minutes, two weeks, six years, few hours, a long time.E.g., I’ve been here for ten minutes.

Just.

Just used with the present perfect means "a short time before".E.g., I’ve just seen Moxie, what a great movie!

Lately.

We use lately for states or for repeated events, mostly with the present perfect.E.g., Have you seen a good movie lately (or recently)?

Recently.

We use recently to talk about not long ago, or at a time that started not long ago.E.g., Have you seen a good movie recently (or lately)?

Since.

We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday. Use since with a specific time or date in the past.E.g., I’ve been here since eight o’clock.

So far.

So far means "up until here" or "up until now". So far is therefore linked to the use of the present perfect, as the action occurs within an unfinished time period.E.g., I’ve seen this movie three times so far!

Still.

Still used with the present perfect means that something hasn't happened. We use it to emphasise that we expected the thing to happen earlier. Still (in this context) is only used in negative sentences.E.g., I've been waiting for an hour and the bus still hasn't come.

Grammar practice: vocabulary.

Choose the correct words to complete the paragraph.

1. For. 3. Since 5. Always. 7. Lately. 9. So far.2. Since. 4. Still. 6. Always. 8. Best. 10. Already.

The present perfect: activities.

For and since.

1. I've been here since 2:00.2. My parents have been married since 1990.3. Have your children been in Smith Street School for a long time?4. Leona has lived in Caracas for fifteen years.5. I've been outside this movie theater since 5:30.6. We haven't eaten in this restaurant for two or three years.7. Our teacher has taught English since 2005.8. How many students in you class have studied English for more than two years?9. I haven't seen a single good movie since last month.10. Who hasn't read a good book for a long time?

For and since + other uses.

1. She's seen Ocean Story ten times so far. (See).2. My wife says she's not gone to any good movies lately. (Not go).3. Have you always wanted to watch We Missed The Las Train? (You/want).4. Our local movie theater still hasn't shown King Pong. (Not show).5. Is this the first time you've worn 3D glasses? (You/wear).6. The Green Tree is the worst documentary Tome King has ever made. (Make)

Test.

Word order test.

A. Form statements using the following words/phrases.

1. she / writes / letters / often. —She often writes letters.2. to music / Marlen / is listening / now. —Marlen is listening to music now.3. play / they / handball / in the evening / always. —They always play handball in the evening.4. did / I / my homework / do / in my room / not. —I didn't do my homework in my room.5. in Berlin / can / his uncle / he / visit. —He can visit his uncle in Berlin.6. lunch / we / not / yesterday / have / at school / did. —We didn't have lunch at school yesterday.7. often / it / in Scotland / rains. —It often rains in Scotland.8. Victoria Station / leaves / the bus / at 7 o'clock. —The bus leaves Victoria Station at 7 o'clock.9. he / speaks / well / French. —He speaks French well.10. Alex / under the shower / the song / sang / loudly. —Alex sang the song laudly under the shower.

B. Form statements using the following words/phrases.

1. when / get up / you / in the morning / do. —When do you get up in the morning?2. like / they / do / cola. —Do they like cola?3. who / the window / broke. —Who broke the window?4. Kaito and Sakura / from Tokyo / are. —Are Kaito and Sakura from Tokyo?5. why / James / so tired / is. —Why is James so tired?6. you / your homework / have / done / yet. —Have you done your homework yet?7. what / Angela / like / for breakfast / does. —What does Angela like for breakfast?8. How / your grandmother / is. —How is your grandmother?9. where / has / bought / John / his car. —Where has John bought his car?10. the girls / text messages / are / writing. —Are the girls writing text messages?

C. Rewrite the sentences/questions using the words/phrases in brackets.

1. Have you been to Canada? (Ever). —Have you ever been to Canada?2. We watched the film. (Last weekend). —We watched the film last weekend.3. The cat is playing. (In the garden). —The cat is playing in the garden.4. The boy ran out of the room. (Quickly). —The boy ran out of the room quickly.5. Rita speaks English. (Fluently). —Rita speaks English fluently.6. We have met him. (Before). —We have met him before.7. Did you see Mr Fisher? (Yesterday morning). —Did you see Mr. Fisher yesterday morning?8. They are flying. (To Rome / on Tuesday). —They are flying to Rome on Tuesday.9. She goes to school by bus. (Always). —She always goes to school by bus.10. He is late. (never). —He is never late.

D. Which sentence is correct?

1. Which sentence is correct? A. She always arrives late in the morning.B. She arrives always late in the morning.C. Both sentences are correct.2. Which sentence is correct? A. Who are you?B. Where are you?C. Both sentences are correct.3. Which sentence is correct? A. Where are you from?B. From where are you?C. Beide Fragen sind richtig.4. Which sentence is correct? A. In the evening I watch TV.B. I watch TV in the evening.C. Both sentences are correct.5. Which sentence is correct? A. Who are you waiting for?B. For who are you waiting?C. Both sentences are correct.6. Which sentence is correct? A. My friend gave me a book.B. My friend gave a book to me.C. Both sentences are correct.7. Which sentence is correct? A. He's going to buy a present for his sister.B. He's going to buy his sister a present.C. Both sentences are correct.8. Which sentence is correct? A. They play hockey in the stadium every Friday.B. Every Friday they play hockey in the stadium.C. Both sentences are correct.9. Which sentence is correct? A. Judy reads often magazines.B. Judy often reads magazines.C. Both sentences are correct.10. Which sentence is correct? A. We saw last Wednesday a film.B. Last Wednesday we saw a film.C. Both sentences are correct.

E. Define the unerlined words/phrases.

1. We often play in the gym.A. Subject.B. Verb.C. Adverb of frequency.D. Place.2. I can sing well.A. Auxiliary.B. Verb.C. Adverb.D. Subject.3. Who was in the cinema?A. Verb. B. Place.C. Question word.4. Every Friday he goes to the club.A. Time.B. Subject.C. Place.D. Verb.5. Emma often arrives late at school. A. Subject.B. Adverb of frequency.C. Place.D. Verb.E. Time.6. Do you like cornflakes? A. Auxiliary.B. Object.C. Subject.D. Verb.7. James is telling jokes.A. Subject.B. Verb.C. Object.8. I can't go to the party. A. Subject.B. Auxiliary.C. Place.D. Verb.9. Why do you buy comics?A. Auxiliary.B. Question word.C. Subject.D. Object.E. Verb.10. Jack flew to Detroit in 2004. A. Subject.B. Time.C. Verb.D. Place.

About Week: 22-26 August.

Explanations for being late.

I overslept.

I missed the bus.

I couldn't get a taxi.

I couldn't find a parking space.

I got stuck in traffic.

1. Ted is late because he overslept.

2. Maude probably couldn't find a parking space.

3. They're going to be late because they couldn't get a taxi.

4. First they missed the bus. Then they probably couldn't get a taxi.

5. She's going to be late because she got stuck in traffic.

Movie genres.

An action film.E.g., The Gray Man (2022).

A horror film.E.g., The Exorcist (1973).

A science fiction film.E.g., Fantastics Beast: The Secrets Of Dumbledore (2022).

An animated film.E.g., Monsters Inc (2001).

A comedy.E..g, Hubie Halloween (2020).

A drama.E.g., Titanic (1997).

A documentary.E.g., Memories of a Murderer the Nilsen Tapes (2021).

A musical.E.g., Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (2016).

Ways to express wants and preferences: Would like and Would rather.

Would like.

We use would like or ’d like to say politely what we want, especially when making offers and requests.Use: would like + an infinitive (to + a base form).
Affirmative: Subject + 'd like + to + base form of the verb + complement.E.g., I'd like to go to the movies.
Negative: Subject + wouldn't like + to + base form of the verb + complement.E.g., I wouldn't like to go to the movies.
Interrogative: Would + subject + like to + base form of the verb + complement + ? Wh question + Would + S + like to + base form of the verb + complement + ?E.g., would she like to see The Dancer?E.g., what would your friends like to do?
Yes/no answers: Yes, I would. No, I wouldn't.

Would rather.

Would rather is used to show preference for one thing over another; to express or ask about a preference between two or more activities.Use: would rather + a base form.
Affirmative: Subject + would rather + base form of the verb + complement.E.g., I'd rather see a drama.Negative: Subject + would rather not + base form of the verb + complement.E.g., I'd rather not watch TV tonight.
Interrogative: Would + subject + rather + base form of the verb + complement + ? Wh question + Would + S + rather + base form of the verb + complement + ?E.g., would your children rather see an animated film or an action film?E.g., what would you rather do: go to a movie or a play?
Yes/no answers: Yes, I would. No, I wouldn't. -- No, they'd rather not.

Activities: would like vs would rather.

Grammar practice. Complete the conversations about wants and preferences.

1. A: (I like / I’d like) to see Star Wars Xagain. Would you? It’s at the CineMax.B: Actually, (I’d rather. / I’d rather not.) Let’s stay home.2. A: (Do you like / Would you like) to stream something on TV?B: Yes, (I’d like. / I would.)3. A: What would you rather (see / to see): a science fiction film or a comedy?B: Me? (I’d rather / I rather) see a science fiction movie.4. A: There’s a musical and a horror movie on TV. (Would / Does) your husband rather see the horror movie?B: Yes, (he would rather. / he would.)5.A: My sister (would like to / would like) go to the movies on Friday.B: Great. (I would / I would like), too.

Ways to express wants and preferences. Use the words to write statements or questions.

1. Would/she/like/go to the movies? Would she like to go to the movies?2. What/you/rather/see a drama or a comedy? What would you rather see a drama or comedy?3. When/they/rather/eat dinner: before the show or after the show? When would they rather eat dinner: before the show or after the show?4. Laura/like/have lunch at home before the afternoon show. Laura would like to have lunch at home before the afternoon show.5. He/rather/watch/TV all evening? Would he rather watch TV all evening?