Light Refraction Images Download

Our first seasonal challenge is in the books. Thank you to all who participated and shared your images with us. Many of you used your Lens Ball but a few of you ventured into other areas. The behind the scenes or written explanation of how the challenge was approached is included where provided. This was a lot of fun. Our hope is that this will inspire you to participate in the next challenge and stretch your technical and creative muscle!

Next photo comes from Sophie Hahn. She was able to capture rainbow colors in her water droplet. And that background is perfect. Her settings for this gorgeous water refraction are as follows: 105mm Macro lens with the settings ISO 100, f/11, 2.5 s.

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Scrapbook paper reflected in a mirror, with the Lens Ball reflecting the words. Edited slightly in Lightroom to make a little bit lighter. She also flipped the image so the word LIFE stands out a bit more.

Debra Penk captured two beautiful images. Both refraction photos were composed with a Lens Ball on a pedestal in front of wallpaper on Surface laptop/tablet in a darkened room. The first image was handheld at 1/00 sec, f1.4 ISO 1000 50mm prime lens. The second image was the same except f2.0 and ISO 1250. Both images were edited in Lightroom for increased exposure and clarity and On1 NoNoiseAI to get rid of slight noise.

She used her iPhone 13. Set up in dark workspace in the basement, with one light on a stand, plus a hand held light that she could move around easily. She started with the phone on a tripod, but switched to handheld so she could position it easier, and then used a small portable light, placed off to the side, in a completely dark room.

An object seen in the water will usually appear to be at a different depth than it actually is, due to the refraction of light rays as they travel from the water into the air. This tutorial explores how fish, observed from the bank of a pond or lake, appear to be closer to the surface than they really are.

The interactive tutorial initializes with a human eye observing a fish beneath a layer of water. Light rays reflected from the fish are refracted at the surface of the water, but the eyes and brain trace the light rays back into the water as thought they had not refracted, but traveled away from the fish in a straight line. This effect creates a "virtual" image of the fish that appears at a shallower depth. The Water Depth slider can be employed to increase or decrease the depth and demonstrate changes in the refraction angle and position of the virtual image.

As light passes from one substance into another, it will travel straight through with no change of direction when crossing the boundary between the two substances head-on (perpendicular, or a 90-degree angle of incidence). However, if the light impacts the boundary at any other angle it will be bent or refracted, with the degree of refraction increasing as the beam is progressively inclined at a greater angle with respect to the boundary. As an example, a beam of light striking water vertically will not be refracted, but if the beam enters the water at a slight angle it will be refracted to a very small degree. If the angle of the beam is increased even farther, the light will refract with increasing proportion to the entry angle. Early scientists realized that the ratio between the angle at which the light crosses the media interface and the angle produced after refraction is a very precise characteristic of the material producing the refraction effect.

A number of phenomena that result from light refraction are often observed in everyday life, including the illusion, created by refraction effects, of the actual depth of a fish in shallow water when observed from the bank of a lake or pond. When we peer through the water to observe fish swimming around the pond, they appear to be much closer to the surface than they really are. On the other hand, from the fish's point of view, the world appears distorted and compressed above the water due to virtual images created by refraction of reflected and transmitted light reaching the eyes of the fish. In fact, due to refraction, a fisherman on the bank appears to be farther away from the fish (from the fish's viewpoint) than he or she really is.

Figure 1 shows two images of a landscape formed by a wine glass. The direct image is produced by the reflection of light in the outer convex surface of the glass. Some of the refracted rays are then reflected from...

One theme of the Reflection and Refraction units of The Physics Classroom Tutorial has been that we see an object because light from the object travels to our eyes as we sight along a line at the object. Similarly, we see an image of an object because light from the object reflects off a mirror or refracts through a transparent material and travel to our eyes as we sight at the image location of the object. From these two basic premises, we have defined the image location as the location in space where light appears to diverge from. Because light emanating from the object converges or appears to diverge from this location, a replica or likeness of the object is created at this location. For both reflection and refraction scenarios, ray diagrams have been a valuable tool for determining the path of light from the object to our eyes.

In this section of Lesson 5, we will investigate the method for drawing ray diagrams for objects placed at various locations in front of a double convex lens. To draw these ray diagrams, we will have to recall the three rules of refraction for a double convex lens:

In this diagram, five incident rays are drawn along with their corresponding refracted rays. Each ray intersects at the image location and then travels to the eye of an observer. Every observer would observe the same image location and every light ray would follow the Snell's Law of refraction. Yet only two of these rays would be needed to determine the image location since it only requires two rays to find the intersection point. Of the five incident rays drawn, three of them correspond to the incident rays described by our three rules of refraction for converging lenses. We will use these three rays through the remainder of this lesson, merely because they are the easiest rays to draw. Certainly two rays would be all that is necessary; yet the third ray will provide a check of the accuracy of our process.

It should be noted that the process of constructing a ray diagram is the same regardless of where the object is located. While the result of the ray diagram (image location, size, orientation, and type) is different, the same three rays are always drawn. The three rules of refraction are applied in order to determine the location where all refracted rays appear to diverge from (which for real images, is also the location where the refracted rays intersect).

In the three cases described above - the case of the object being located beyond 2F, the case of the object being located at 2F, and the case of the object being located between 2F and F - light rays are converging to a point after refracting through the lens. In such cases, a real image is formed. As discussed previously, a real image is formed whenever refracted light passes through the image location. While diverging lenses always produce virtual images, converging lenses are capable of producing both real and virtual images. As shown above, real images are produced when the object is located a distance greater than one focal length from the lens. A virtual image is formed if the object is located less than one focal length from the converging lens. To see why this is so, a ray diagram can be used.

A ray diagram for the case in which the object is located in front of the focal point is shown in the diagram at the right. Observe that in this case the light rays diverge after refracting through the lens. When refracted rays diverge, a virtual image is formed. The image location can be found by tracing all light rays backwards until they intersect. For every observer, the refracted rays would seem to be diverging from this point; thus, the point of intersection of the extended refracted rays is the image point. Since light does not actually pass through this point, the image is referred to as a virtual image. Observe that when the object in located in front of the focal point of the converging lens, its image is an upright and enlarged image that is located on the object's side of the lens. In fact, one generalization that can be made about all virtual images produced by lenses (both converging and diverging) is that they are always upright and always located on the object's side of the lens.

For the case of the object located at the focal point (F), the light rays neither converge nor diverge after refracting through the lens. As shown in the diagram above, the refracted rays are traveling parallel to each other. Subsequently, the light rays will not converge to form a real image; nor can they be extended backwards on the opposite side of the lens to intersect to form a virtual image. So how should the results of the ray diagram be interpreted? The answer: there is no image!! Surprisingly, when the object is located at the focal point, there is no location in space at which an observer can sight from which all the refracted rays appear to be coming. An image cannot be found when the object is located at the focal point of a converging lens.

In a normal eye, the light rays come to a sharp focusing point on the retina. The retina functions much like the film in a camera. It is responsible for capturing all of the light rays, processing them into light impulses through millions of tiny nerve endings, then sending these light impulses through over a million nerve fibers to the optic nerve.

Because the keratoconus cornea is irregular and cone shaped, light rays enter the eye at different angles, and do not focus on one point the retina, but on many different points causing a blurred, distorted image. 2351a5e196