Many people have allergies. Anaphylaxis is a life threatening emergency that requires swift action by medical professionals to cure. Anaphylaxis will cause the following:

• Wheezing (due to constriction of the airway)

• Swelling of the airway

• Hives/flushed 

• Dizziness 

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: Tachycardia - greater than 100 bpm

Respiratory Rate: tachypneic - Greater than 20 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - lower than 95%

Blood Pressure: hypotensive - lower than 90/60

Treatment for Anaphylaxis is the use of epinephrine, typically in the form of an auto-injector via an EpiPen.

Diabetes is increasingly common, especially within the US. Diabetics have issues controlling their blood sugar levels. Typically, diabetics will need to take insulin, a product in the body that breaks down sugars, in order to stay within normal limits. This medication can be extremely dangerous if it's taken in excess or is not followed by food after eating. This can cause the blood sugar levels in the body to drop significantly, going from minor disorientation all the way up to unresponsive and not breathing. Common signs of mild-moderate hypoglycemia is:

• Shakiness

• Pale skin

• Fatigue (tiredness)

• Dizziness

• Diaphoresis (sweating) 

• Difficulty concentrating 

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: Tachycardia (fast heart rate, above 100)

Respiratory rate: Normal or mildly bradypneic (slow respirations, less than 12)

Oxygen Saturation: Normal (above 95%)

Blood Pressure: Normal or mildly hypotensive (low blood pressure below 100/70)

For more sever hypoglycemia, some common signs and symptoms are:

• Slurred speech

• Unresponsiveness 

• Blurry Vision

• Seizures 

Vital Signs:

Heart Rate: Bradycardic (slow heart rate, below 60)

Respiratory Rate: Bradypneic (slow respirations, below 10)

Oxygen Saturation: Hypoxic (low oxygen saturation, below 90%)

Blood Pressure: Hypotensive (low blood pressure, below 100/70)

In the United States, someone has a heart attack every 40 seconds. Heart attacks are a very common cardiac medical emergency that require immediate treatment. Heart attacks occur fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits build up over time, forming plaques in the heart's arteries. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. This blood clot can block oxygenated blood to the rest of the heart, leading to a heart attack.

Signs/Symptoms:

• chest pain

• pain that radiates into left arm and jaw

• dizziness or lightheadness

• shortness of breath

• Nausea  

• cool, clammy, and pale skin 

VITAL SIGNS:

Heart rate: tachycardic, usually between 110-120bpm

Respiratory Rate: Normal or slightly elevated - 22-25 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: Normal

Blood Pressure: Normal or slightly elevated - above 120/80

Identification of heart attacks are very crucial to the treatment process. A heart attack can be identified by a medical provider by using a EKG which shows electrical activity in the heart. There would be an abnormal elevation of the wave called the ST wave. 

When your heart beats abnormally, it is known as an arrhythmia. This occurs when the electrical signals that coordinate your heart beats don't work properly. There are so many different types of arrhythmias which will be listed below.

• Tachycardia: Normal rhythm, beats too fast (Greater than 100bpm)

• Bradycardia: Normal rhythm, beats too slow (Less than 60bpm)

• Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)

• Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

• Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib)

• Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)

These rhythms can be identified on a test done by a EMS provider known as a electrocardiogram (EKG) which shows the electrical activity in the heart.

Asthma is a common chronic medical condition that affects your lungs. Mucus builds up causing narrowing and swelling of the airway which can lead to difficulty breathing. Asthma can interfere with daily activities and can be triggered by different things. It is usually managed by a rescue inhaler, which should be carried at all times by someone with asthma. 

Signs/Symptoms:

• difficulty breathing

• coughing or wheezing 

• fast breathing

• shortness of breath

• chest pressure

• fast heart rate 

VITAL SIGNS:

Heart rate: tachycardic - Greater than 120bpm

Respiratory Rate: tachypneic - Greater than 20 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Lower than 90%

Blood Pressure: hypertensive - Greater than 120/80

A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when a blod clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain leading to the brain to not have full blood supply. If not treated immediately, it can lead to brain damage, disability, and even death. This is why it's important to know the signs of a stroke. 

Signs/Symptoms:

• facial drooping on one side

• arm weakness on one side (arm would fall when trying to raise)

• slurred speech

• mental confusion

• headache

• paralysis on one side of the body

VITAL SIGNS:

Heart rate: tachycardic - Greater than 100bpm

Respiratory Rate: bradypneic - Less than 12 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Less than 92%

Blood Pressure: hypertensive -  Greater than 120/80

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain causing involuntary movements. A person can be diagnosed with epilepsy, which is when the seizures are reoccuring. There can be different triggers to seizures such as: high fever, abnormal glucose levels, alcohol, use of certain medications, etc. 

Signs of a seizure about to occur are:

• confusion

• staring spells

• loss of consciousness or awareness

Seizure Symptoms:

• uncontrollable movements of arms and legs

• loss of consciousness and awareness

After Seizure: 

• Fatigue

• confusion

Vital Signs After Seizure:

Heart rate: tachycardic - Greater than 100 bpm

Respiratory Rate: tachypneic - Greater than 20 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Less than 95%

Blood Pressure: hypertensive - Greater than 120/80

A normal body temperature is between 97* F to 99* F. When a persons temperature is under 97*, it is considered hypothermia. This occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat. When this occurs, if it is low enough, it can be very dangerous. It can be caused by inappropriate clothing in cold weather, falling into cold water, staying out on the cold too long, etc. This can cause the bodys nervous system (such as brain) or heart to not be able to work properly. 

Signs/Symptoms:

• Shivering

• Slurred Speech

• confusion

• drowsiness

• loss of consciousness

• skin cold to touch, pale or red skin

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: tachycardic - Less than 60bpm

Respiratory Rate: bradypneic - Less than 12 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Less than 95%

Blood Pressure: hypotensive - Less than 90/60

A lot of people experience the flu or head cold occasionally. However, when people with the sickness experience complications, it can be a serious issues. People may experience dehydration, severe fever, or just severe weakness. This may cause people to use emergency services to recieve care from the hospital. If you are interested in creating a call for a general sickness, you can recieve information about it by just looking it up! Some common ones are pneumonia, flu, Strep, and much more! 

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common illness that occurs when natural gas leaks into the air and it is inhaled for an extended period of time. This causes the body to replace oxygen in your red blood cells with carbon monoxide in the blood which can lead to serious illness.

Symptoms:

• headache

• weakness

• confusion

• nausea/vomiting

• dizziness

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: higher than 100bpm

Blood Pressure: lower than 90/60

Oxygen Saturation: 95-100% because the carbon monoxide takes place of the oxygen making the reading seem normal.

Respiratory Rate: higher than 20 breaths per minute

Heat stroke occurs when the body overheats and can no longer regulate temperature properly.

The following symptoms may occur:

• Extremely high body temperature

• Hot, dry skin

• Altered mental status

• Dizziness

• Nausea or vomiting

• Loss of consciousness

Vital Signs:

Heart Rate: tachycardic - greater than 100 bpm

Respiratory Rate: elevated

Oxygen Saturation: may be normal

Blood Pressure: may be low due to dehydration

Treatment for heat stroke includes rapid cooling, IV fluids, oxygen administration, and immediate transport.

Traumatic injuries may result from vehicle accidents, falls, or violent incidents and can range from minor to life-threatening.

The following symptoms may occur:

• Severe bleeding

• Broken bones

• Pain and swelling

• Altered mental status

• Difficulty breathing

• Shock symptoms

Vital Signs:

Heart Rate: tachycardic - greater than 100 bpm

Respiratory Rate: elevated (20+)

Oxygen Saturation: may be decreased (90-92%)

Blood Pressure: may be hypotensive if severe bleeding is present (90/60)

Treatment for traumatic injuries includes bleeding control, spinal precautions if needed, splinting, oxygen administration, and rapid transport.

Chest pain may indicate a serious cardiac emergency and should always be evaluated immediately.

The following symptoms may occur:

• Chest pressure or tightness

• Pain radiating to the arm or jaw

• Shortness of breath

• Sweating

• Nausea

• Dizziness

Vital Signs:

Heart Rate: may be elevated or irregular

Respiratory Rate: elevated

Oxygen Saturation: may be decreased

Blood Pressure: may be high or low depending on severity

Treatment for chest pain may include oxygen, aspirin, nitroglycerin if prescribed, cardiac monitoring, and rapid transport.

If a section says:

Heart rate elevated: greater then 100

Temperature elevated: fever - greater then 100*F

Respiratory Rate elevated: greater then 20 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation elevated: Greater then 95%

Blood Pressure elevated: greater then 140/90

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Heart rate normal: 60-100bpm

Temperature normal: 97*F - 99.5*F

Respiratory Rate normal: 12-20 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation normal: 95%-100%

Blood Pressure normal: 90/60 - 120/80

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Heart rate lowered: less than 60bpm

Temperature lowered: less than 97*F

Respiratory Rate lowered: less than 12 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation lowered: less than 95%

Blood Pressure lowered: 90/60

A structure fire can occur in buildings such as residential homes, commercial buildings, and industrial buildings. These fires can start from things such as cooking, electrical systems, smoking, or they can be started by intention. Structure fires are never the same so feel free to add a creative twist such as somebody trapped inside the structure.  

Wildland fires that involve the engulfment of any vegetation such as bushes, grass, and tree's. These are very dangerous fires are they can spread very quickly and threaten structures. Wildland fires can be started intentionally or unintentionally. A camp fire could get out of hand, starting to burn tree's or you could throw a match into a forest and watch it burn.  

The seriousness of an MVA depend on the speed of the car and the point of impact. They can range from a few minor dents and scratches on a car to severe damage to the structure of the car. Because of this, it can lead to vehicle entrapment and vehicle fires. Vehicle entrapment could be simply be being unable to open the door to being crushed by the roof.  

The seriousness of an MVA depend on the speed of the car and the point of impact. They can range from a few minor dents and scratches on a car to severe damage to the structure of the car. Because of this, it can lead to vehicle entrapment and vehicle fires. Vehicle entrapment could be simply be being unable to open the door to being crushed by the roof.  

A hazmat call is when a hazordous/poisonious material spills in a place. The materials are not good for humans and FD, PD, and DOT must respond to clean and control the situation. This can happen in buildings or roads.

Since ER:LC has no boats, this is hard to roleplay however the FD team will swim and try to rescue the person(s) inside of the water. These roleplays can be caused from a drowning, car crash into water, etc..

Search and Rescue is a critical process to find people who are reported missing and rescue them from danger and distress. These calls get both the fire department and law enforcement involved to quickly find missing persons since every minute is critical. 

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless poisonous gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels such as gas, oil, wood, and coal. Known as the "invisible killer," it causes deadly poisoning by displacing oxygen in the blood. It is crucial to have working CO detectors and properly vented fuel-burning appliances. Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels, and can be caused by:

• Poor Ventilation: Running equipment in tight spaces without enough air for complete combustion, which prevents fumes from escaping.

• Lack of Maintenance: Dirty or damaged chimneys and poorly maintained furnaces can leak CO into living spaces.

• Inappropriate Use: Using a gas oven for heating or bringing a generator/grill indoors. 

A gas leak is the unintentional release of natural gas or other gaseous products from pipes or appliances into the environment, posing risks of fire, explosion, or health hazards. The most common indicator is a distinctive rotten egg or sulfur odor, added for detection, often accompanied by hissing sounds, dead vegetation, or bubbles in wet areas 

A fire investigation is to determine the origin, cause, and development of a fire. FIre Marshall's investigate fires in professional development courses to bridge the gap between classroom science and the stressful, chaotic reality of a physical fire scene 

Robberies are when someone robs a store, commonly with a weapon or a way to force someone into giving money or items. 

Possible Situations:

• hostage situation

• suspects fleeing on foot

• vehicle pursuit

• injured civilians

This is when people have a fight or disturbance in a public area, commonly with a backstory near a residence.

Possible Conditions:

• injured victim

• weapons involved

• non cooperative individuals

Officer Actions:

• scene security

• victim interviews

• arrest procedures

• evidence collection

A backpack or other suspicous item is left unattended outside mostly in a government building or on a public street.

Operations:

• evacuations

• perimeter setup

• bomb squad response

• traffic rerouting

Heavy snowfall creates dangerous road conditions throughout the county.

Operations:

• plowing roads

• salting highways

• assisting stranded motorists

• coordinating with emergency services

A citywide power outage disables several busy intersections.

Operations:

• temporary stop signs

• portable generators

• manual traffic direction

• emergency repairs