This study documents that the congestion tax policy in Chicago significantly curtails overall ridesourcing demand but marginally alleviates traffic congestion. Moreover, considerable heterogeneity exists. For example, the policy notably reduces ridesourcing demand with short travel distances, but such an impact is gradually attenuated as the distance increases.

This study shows that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations leads to a 2.5% reduction in dockless bike-sharing (DBS) usage in Chengdu, China. Furthermore, such adverse effects are particularly pronounced among young DBS users, during non-peak hours, for long-distance trips, and in census tracts with low housing prices.