The constitution provides for equality and freedom from discrimination; but there are no laws that criminalize gender-based violence, while some federal laws condone such violence. Domestic violence was widespread and often considered socially acceptable. Reports of spousal abuse were common, especially wife beating. Police normally did not intervene in domestic disputes, which seldom were discussed publicly. The Penal Code, Northern Nigeria law 1963 cap 89, permits husbands to use physical means to chastise their wives as long as it does not result in "grievous harm," which is defined as loss of sight, hearing, speech, facial disfigurement, or life-threatening injuries. In more rural areas, courts and police were reluctant to intervene to protect women who formally accused their husbands of abuse, if the level of alleged abuse did not exceed customary norms in the areas. According to the 2003 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 64.5 percent of women and 61.3 percent of men agreed that a husband was justified in hitting or beating his wife for at least one of six specified reasons, including burning food and not cooking on time. 

Project Alert on Violence Against Women, a local NGO, initiated various outreach efforts to combat domestic violence. During the year they conducted training programs with the police in an effort to sensitize them to domestic violence, a "Catch Them Young" project that aimed to educate young people about physical and sexual abuse, and assisted faith-based organizations on providing counsel to victims of domestic abuse. Project Alert also maintained a shelter, called Sophia's Place, specifically for victims of domestic violence, which offered services such as counseling, legal aid, and skills acquisition. The Women's Rights Advancement and Protection Alternative was also a leading voice in the campaign on violence against women and continuously engaged in legislative advocacy for the passage of various bills on the protection of women's rights.

The stakeholder forum, established by NAPTIP in 2003 to conduct training of security and immigration officials and hold meetings with local government leaders to raise awareness of trafficking issues, was supposed to meet monthly in each state and quarterly in Abuja; however, involvement at the state level waned over the year. Two national forums were held in Abuja during the year, both with large attendance by law enforcement officials, ministerial and government representatives, NGO groups and diplomatic missions. NAPTIP officials met with several major traditional leaders to raise their awareness regarding trafficking and the antitrafficking law. NAPTIP also worked with the media to raise awareness among the public, and officials appeared on national talk shows and state programs. On August 5-6, NAPTIP conducted the First Anti-Human Trafficking Awareness Week in Abuja to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the agency and to launch the Red Card to Human Trafficking. The Red Card is an informational card for distribution that includes facts about trafficking and phone numbers for NAPTIP's zonal hotlines. Events consisted of press conferences, a charity walk, a two-day sensitization workshop, a benefit dinner, an awards dinner, and the launch of the Victims Trust Fund. The government continued implementing the ILO/IPEC West Africa Cocoa Agriculture Project to prevent the trafficking or employment of children in commercial agriculture, especially cocoa production.


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The most recent episode of clamping down on social media is the Twitter ban in the country, which followed the deletion by that platform of a tweet by the president for violating its terms of use. Some lawmakers have also initiated talks about a code of conduct for Nigerian media. Although the bills are cloaked under the progressive values of clamping down on disinformation and fake news, most perceive them to be instruments of political intimidation instead. These unfolding incidents seem to put Nigeria ultimately on a path of regression regarding freedom of expression.

Many Nigerian youths on social media are vexed with authorities over mis-governance and highhandedness against the youths. This was highlighted during the October 2020 #EndSARS protests against police brutality that shook the nation and subsequent civil rebellion that has been simmering throughout the country in the wake of Twitter ban in the country.

Below is part of the transcription of the audio:

Governor Yahaya: I will be coming tomorrow's evening because I have to stay behind to tidy-up something. I have even met with your Father this night.

Political Partner: Have you informed him about our discussions?

Governor Yahaya: Yes, I have told him and he said whatever we want will be done. I have taken the names to him, and I have even called and linked him up with Usman. He has already called A.I.G Garba Umar and he has talked to him. And he said he will give us a Unit of Mobile Policeman and some Helux Vehicles and Trucks that will be taking them around.

Political Partner: Very good, very good

Governor Yahaya: You see he has done something for us.

Political Partner: Yes. But are you talking with DSS? We have not finalised talking with them all. I mean the DSS we said we want to change.

Governor Yahaya: Yes I have told him, I have told him.

Political Partner: Now that we have gotten their names, let send it to him.

Governor Yahaya: Yes I have told him.

Political Partner: And now we have sat with the 2IC of the EFCC

Governor Yahaya: Of where?

Political Partner: Of Gombe

Governor Yahaya: 2IC of where ?

Political Partner: That of Gombe.

Governor Yahaya: OK

Political Partner: He told me his Oga was previously leaving in your House, before he was was posted back to Gombe again. He has told me all the things we need to do. Because I asked him why are they not arresting them, but instead you are watching?

Governor Yahaya: Do you know what I did?

Political Partner: No.

Governor Yahaya: I called the Chief of Army Staff and asked to call the Army Commandant on phone and him that I have completed the arrangements for his removal, you were the one that pleaded on his behalf. I have listed many reasons for his removal. If previously he was thinking of something different, now Ashiwaju is the President.

Even if I am no longer a Governor, I will do all I can to end his career in the military. Or should he be outrightly dismissed from the Army? 

Political Partner: That is possible.

Governor Yahaya: I did that deliberately.

Political Partner: That is good.

Governor Yahaya: If we don't stand firmly on our feet they will not allow us to win the election.

Political Partner: That's possible

The 21-year-old granddaughter of a local bishop wanted to lend her voice and heart to the chorus of Americans calling for an end to police brutality and systemic racism. For Jerkins, the best way to be heard was through her faith.

In October 2020, Nigeria had one of its largest series of protests against police brutality. The #EndSARS protest was geared against the disbandment of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad, a police sect that was created to respond to issues of armed robbery and kidnapping, but became notorious for abusing and extorting youths on false charges of cyber fraud.

These issues aforementioned are just a tip off the iceberg because the stench of indiscipline by the operatives of the Nigeria Police Force were the triggers that instigated the national protests two years back against police brutality. However, from what we now see since that #ENDSARS protest of two years back, it is clear that Police brutality and use of extrajudicial killings of suspects in police custody have only just increased with frightening dimensions. The police use physical, psychological tortures against suspects in their custody.

Now, Segalink who is the founder of the Social Intervention Advocacy Foundation (SIAF) and convener of the End Sars "movement" has worked tirelessly over the years to attend to the desperate cries of youths all over the country in escaping targeted police brutality. e24fc04721

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