UNIT-2 (PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL AND POPULATION GENETICS)
Animal Genetics: History of Genetics. Mitosis vors Meiosis. Chromosome numbers and types in livestock and poultry. Overview of Mendelian principles. Modified Mendelian inheritance. Pleiotropy, Penetrance and expressivity. Multiple alleles; lethals; sex-linked, sex limited and sex influenced inheritance. Sex determination. Linkage, crossing over and construction of linkage map. Mutation, Chromosomal aberrations. Cytogenetics, Extra-chromosomal inheritance. Molecular genetics, nucleic acids-structure and function. Gene concept, DNA and its replication. Introduction to molecular techniques. Population Genetics: Introduction to population genetics; individual vors population. Genetic structure of population: Gene and genotypic frequency. Hardy - Weinberg law and its application. Forces changing gene and genotypic frequencies (eg Mutation, migration, selection and drift). Quantitative vors qualitative genetics; concept of average effect and breeding value. Components of Variance. Concept of correlation and interaction between Genotype and Environment. Heritability and Repeatability. Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations.