Modal verbs, also known as modal auxiliaries or modals, are a category of auxiliary verbs in English that are used to express a range of functions, such as necessity, possibility, permission, ability, and more. 

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• Can: Expresses ability, permission, or possibility.

  • She can play the piano. (ability)

  • Can I go to the bathroom? (permission)

  • It can get really hot in the summer. (possibility)

• Could: Often used to express past ability or make polite requests.

  • He could swim when he was five. (past ability)

  • Could you please pass the salt? (polite request)

• May: Indicates permission or possibility.

  • You may leave the class early if you need to. (permission)

  • It may rain later in the day. (possibility)

• Might: Similar to "may," expressing a weaker sense of possibility.

  • I might go to the party tonight. (possibility)

• Must: Indicates strong necessity or obligation.

  • You must finish your homework before watching TV. (necessity)

  • We must follow the rules. (obligation)

• Should: Expresses advice, recommendation, or obligation.

  • You should see a doctor if you're not feeling well. (advice)

  • Students should complete their assignments on time. (obligation)

• Would: Often used for polite requests and hypothetical situations.

  • Would you please pass the salt? (polite request)

  • If I were rich, I would travel the world. (hypothetical situation)