In this unit you will learn the main non-perturbative properties of the QCD vacuum.
Basic knowledge of :
Lattice gauge theories, standard fermionic discretizations
Standard lattice Monte Carlo algorithms (heat-bath, Metropolis, HMC)
Continuum limit on the lattice
Main theoretical features of QCD at high energies: asymptotic freedom, perturbative
expansion, gauge symmetry, classical QCD equation of motion
Main theoretical features of QCD at low energies: flavor symmetries, spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, physical meaning of chiral condensate, properties of low-lying mesonic spectrum
Chiral Lagrangians (leading order in p^2 and m_quark, Nf = 2, 3)
General Features of QCD Topology
Toy example: particle on a ring
Topological charge in gauge theories (SU(2) example)
Index theorem
Introduction of θ-angle, basics of θ-dependence, strong-CP violation
Topology on the Lattice
Topology on the lattice: gluonic definition
Topology on the lattice: fermionic definition and lattice index theorem
Renormalization of the lattice topological charge (overlaps with “Improvement & Renormalization” section)
Lattice topology and lattice chirality
Topology-related Algorithmic Issues
Smoothing algorithms (overlaps with “Algorithms” section)
Topological critical slowing down (overlaps with “Algorithms” and “Critical Phenomena” sections)
Rare topological fluctuations (overlaps with “Algorithms” section)
Topology and Phenomenology
Topology at large-Nc , Witten–Veneziano & U(1)A anomaly (overlaps with “Hadron Physics” section)
Topology at finite temperature, DIGA & axions (overlaps with ‘Thermodynamics” and “BSM” s)
Confinement
General Introduction on the Confinement Problem
Interquark potential and string tension
Wilson loop and area law
Correlators and spectrum of the theory (overlaps with “Hadron Physics” section)
Polyakov loop and realization of center symmetry on the lattice
Flux tubes & effective strings
Green’s functions & confinement scenarios
FlavorSymmetriesandLow-LyingSpectrum
Flavor symmetries and their fate at the quantum level
Pion mass & the chiral condensate (overlaps with “EFTs” section)
Realization of chiral symmetry on the lattice
Large-Nc limit & U(1)A anomaly
Basic introduction on the properties of the glueball spectrum (large-Nc analysis) (overlaps with “Hadron Physics” and “BSM”)
Level legend: •= Beginner, •= Intermediate, •= Advanced
Massimo D’Elia, ”Topology & Confinement”, Lectures given for the EuroPLEx2020 Online Summer School: Video-recordings and lecture slides
Jeff Greensite, “An introduction to the problem of confinement”, published book: Lecture notes
Michael Creutz, “Introduction to Lattice Gauge Theory and Chiral Symmetry”, lecture notes found on personal page: Lecture slides
David Kaplan, “Chiral Symmetry and Lattice Fermions”-Lectures given at Les Houces Graduate School, 2009: lecture notes
David Kaplan, “Domain Wall Fermions & Chiral Gauge Theories” - Lecture given at Harvard, 2020: video -recording
D. Junior, L. Oxman, G. Simoes, “From Center-Vortex Ensembles to the Confining Flux Tube”, Universe 2021, 7(8), 253: introductory review
David Tong, “GaugeTheories”: ample and extendend collection of lecture-notes on various topics
M. Lüscher, “Chiral gauge theories revisited”: lecture notes
S. Coleman “1/N ”: lecture notes