Episode 1.76 720p Torrent

Objective: To study the changes in the frontal white matter, the head of the hippocampus, and the anterior cingulate fasciculus metabolites in first-episode patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods: Twenty first-episode patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and proton multi-voxel spectroscopy (1H-MRS) examination. 1H-MRS images were obtained from two sides of the frontal white matter, the head of the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate fasciculus regions. The metabolites detected included N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr), and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho were determined. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values were measured in the frontal white matter, the head of the hippocampus, and the anterior cingulate fasciculus.

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The lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood were examined 3 times a week in 17 patients receiving a cadaveric renal allograft using 2-color flow cytometry and several combinations of monoclonal antibodies. Patients who experienced a rejection crisis (n = 12) had a significantly higher CD4/CD8-ratio (2.72 +/- 1.26 mean +/- SD) than patients with stable graft function (1.76 +/- 1.33, p less than 0.05). 9/12 patients showed 0-3 days prior to the rejection episode an increase of the CD4/CD8- ratio (greater than or equal to 0.5) and/or a high ratio (greater than or equal to 2.5) with a decrease following antirejection therapy. The activation markers HLA-DR and IL-2 receptor on T cells were increased only during 3/12 rejection episodes. Patients with rejections resistant to prednisone pulse therapy (n = 6) had significantly more lymphocytes/mm3 in the peripheral blood (1111.7 +/- 597.5) than successfully treated patients (n = 6, 336.7 +/- 196.0, p less than 0.02). Antirejection therapy with prednisone pulses and/or antithymocyte globuline resulted in a significant decrease of T lymphocytes (CD3+) with a selective reduction of T helper/inducer cells (CD4+). 6 months after renal transplantation the patients had a higher percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8+) compared to the pretransplant values (26.3 +/- 10.9% vs 17.7 +/- 6.2%, p less than 0.02) and blood donors (16.3 +/- 6.2%, p less than 0.01). Furthermore the percentage of T helper cells (CD4+/CD28-) was significantly higher and the T suppressor-inducer cells (CD4+/CD28+) were significantly lower compared to the controls. Serial flow cytometric determinations of lymphocyte subsets in renal allograft recipients may be helpful in some cases although rejection episodes could not be predicted in the individual patient.

Binge eating means ingesting a large amount of food during a certain period of time, followed by a sensation of lack of control over what and how much has been eaten. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of binge eating episodes and associated factors in teenagers. The cross-sectional study included 1,209 teenagers (14 to 19 years old). Diagnosis of binge eating was based on the revised Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns. The analysis used Poisson regression with a hierarchical approach. Prevalence of binge eating episodes was 24.6% (95%CI: 22.3-27.2), and factors that remained associated were: female gender (HR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.47-2.53); age 15 to 18 (HR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.01-2.37) and age 19 (HR = 2.60; 95%CI: 1.15-5.86); alcohol consumption more than 3 times a month (HR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.03-2.33); and current weight oscillation (HR = 1.76; 95%CI: 1.33-2.31). In conclusion, prevalence of binge eating episodes was high and associated with female gender, age, alcohol consumption, and weight oscillation.

Depression and methamphetamine use have been associated with increased sexual risk-taking among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimated associations between current major depressive episode and/or methamphetamine use disorder and engagement in condomless anal intercourse (CAI). From March 2014 thru January 2016, 286 methamphetamine-using MSM were enrolled into a RCT to reduce methamphetamine use and sexual risk-taking. Analyses revealed that current major depressive episode was associated with a 92% increase in the rate of engagement in CAI with casual male partners (IRR 1.92; 95% CI 1.12-3.31) and a 76% increase in the rate of engagement in CAI with anonymous male partners (IRR 1.76; 95% CI 1.00-3.09). Additionally, for each unit increase in diagnostic methamphetamine use disorder severity, rates of engagement in CAI with anonymous male partners increased by 44% (IRR 1.44; 95% CI 1.11-1.87) and rates of engagement in CAI with exchange male partners increased by 140% (IRR 2.40; 95% CI 1.39-4.13). Neither diagnosis was associated with CAI with main male partners. Depression and methamphetamine use influence sexual risk-taking in unique ways, and interventions working with MSM should assess participants for both depression and methamphetamine use, and may tailor intervention content based on diagnostic outcomes.

The impact of geography on incidence of clinical episodes of malaria was investigated in a cohort of children enrolled in a longitudinal clinical trial of antimalarial therapy in Kampala, Uganda. Participant households and the boundaries of local swamps and streams were mapped and incidence of clinical malaria episodes was measured prospectively using passive surveillance during one year of follow-up. Of 316 cohort participants, 305 from 219 households were followed for at least six weeks and were included in the analysis. Incidence of clinical malaria was highly variable, with no episodes occurring in 131 participants, and 367 new episodes of malaria diagnosed in the remaining 174 children. A gradient in incidence of clinical episodes of malaria was observed with distance of residence from a swamp (0.41 episodes per person year for residence > 100 meters from a swamp increasing to 2.22 episodes per person year for residence within a swamp), or a stream (0.61 episodes per person year for residence > or = 500 meters from a stream versus 1.76 episodes per person year for residence 100 meters from a swamp. In this urban setting, incidence of clinical episodes of malaria was strongly associated with proximity of residence to potential mosquito breeding sites.

Gaps in understanding of how area-based differences in exposure to violence are associated with asthma prevalence may limit the development of effective prevention programs and the identification of risk for asthma episodes. The current investigation examines the associations between sexual violence victimization and asthma episodes among US adult women across three different metropolitan settings. The association between sexual assault victimizations and asthma attacks in the past year was examined using data from the 2005, 2006, and 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Cross-sectional analyses were based on adult women with current asthma (n = 4,099). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify associations between four categories of sexual violence victimization and asthma episodes across three categories of metropolitan and non-metropolitan settings. Our findings show that unwanted touching, attempted unwanted intercourse, forced unwanted intercourse, and any sexual violence victimization (touching, attempted intercourse, or forced intercourse) were significantly associated with asthma episodes (OR(adj.) = 3.67, 95% CI, 1.76-7.69; OR(adj.) = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.32-2.37; OR(adj.) = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.64-3.05, and OR(adj.) = 1.93, 95% CI, 1.47-2.53, respectively). While no significant differences in the associations between asthma episodes and metropolitan status were found, a significant interaction between non-metropolitan areas and attempted sexual intercourse was identified (OR(adj) = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.29-0.96). Sexual victimization appears to be an important, but understudied, correlate of asthma morbidity among adult women in the USA, suggesting that additional research is needed to better understand the associations between sexual violence, psychological distress, and asthma.

A total of 421 young married mothers in Karnataka State, India, were followed up at monthly intervals for 1 year. Results are presented on self-reported morbidity, treatment-seeking behaviour and health expenditures. A total of 911 completed illness episodes were reported, of which 58% resulted in consultations with practitioners, mostly working in the private sector. Amongst those who did consult physicians, an average of 1.76 visits was made per episode. The average cost per visit was 46 Rupees and 38 Rupees, for private and public-sector consultations respectively. The overall mean annual expenditure on treatment and associated costs for the entire sample was 172 Rupees, of which 104 Rupees was spent on private-sector treatment. Poorer women reported significantly more days of morbidity than richer women but spent significantly less per 100 days of illness.

Background. The impact of cancer on spouses of cancer patients may be considerable in many aspects. Our objective was to evaluate sick leave in spouses of cancer patients before and after the diagnosis. Material and methods. Using Swedish population-based registries, we studied sick leave of spouses to patients with newly diagnosed colon, rectal, lung, prostate, or breast cancer. We identified the cancer patients via the Swedish Cancer Registry and obtained information of their spouse through linkage with the population register. We assessed the number of sick leave episodes and sick days one year before until one year after the spouses' cancer diagnosis by cross-referencing with Swedish Social Insurance Agency data. We also compared the number of sick days of spouses with the general population adjusted for age, sex and partner status. Results. In general, spouses (N=1 923) to cancer patients had an increase in the frequency of new episodes of sick leave in the months before and after the cancer diagnosis. Spouses of lung cancer patients had most sick leave episodes, and the largest number of sick days per person. In comparison to the general population, spouses in the lung cancer group also had the highest standardised sick day ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.24, 2.40. The corresponding risk for spouses in other groups of cancer was not significantly increased. Discussion. In Sweden there is often increased sick leave of spouses to cancer patients. It may be due to emotional stress and physical reactions that follow with cancer which needs to be further explored in order to provide adequate support and care. be457b7860