Bilingual: The ability to speak or understand two languages (California Department of Social Services, n.d.) Linguistically, different bilingual people can be categorized based on how they acquired their second language (Colina, 2015).

Cultural Competence: Being aware of the different cultures and how those differences impact someone's life and the ability to apply that knowledge in everyday interactions. Cultural competence also includes the awareness of biases and some steps are made to combat them (Capriolo, 2024).

Cultural Humility: Cultural humility takes cultural responsiveness one step further to approach the world through a lens of learning. By always being willing to learn regardless of the situation, the other people are seen as "the true experts in and of their own experiences" (Inclusion Geeks, 2024).

Cultural Intelligence: Being able to apply cultural competence skills in a global setting. Cultural intelligence includes the knowledge of emotional and social intelligence to create an atmosphere of trust, respect, and understanding. It includes the ability to act upon biases and make changes when needed (Capriolo, 2024). This includes the ability to apply these skills in new situations and is highly adaptable (Villigran, 2018).

Cultural Responsiveness: The ability to apply what is learned from cultural competence. This includes both learning about a wide variety of cultures and applying that knowledge into your daily life (Inclusion Geeks, 2024).

Cultural Sensitivity: This includes being "aware and accepting of cultural differences" and being able to actively engage with people from other cultures (Sieck, 2021).

Culture: A group of values, beliefs, morals, and traditions that create a common bond between a particular group of people (Villigran, 2018).

Diversity: The broad range of characteristics that showcase the unique qualities of each person or group of people. These include both visible characteristics and invisible characteristics (American Library Association, n.d.).

Dual Language Learner (DLL): Someone learning two languages simultaneously. Often refers to non-English speaking children who are learning both their native language and English (California Department of Social Services, n.d.).

English Language Learner (ELL): Someone "whose first language is not English and who are in the process of learning English" (Western Illinois University, n.d.).

English as a Second Language (ESL): An instructional method, typically found in schools, for English language learners. This is often a specific class which teaches the English language using a curriculum designed for language learners (Western Illinois University, n.d.).

First Language: The primary language someone uses, specifically the one they feel most comfortable in. This is usually the language spoken from birth (Jacob, 2023).

Foreign Language: A language which is typically not used in general life and which knowledge and exposure of the language is primarily classroom-based (Ringbom, 1980).

Interpretation: The process of turning oral speech or text(s) from one language to another (Colina, 2015).

Intersectionality: How the multiple aspects of someone's life combine to form collective experiences of power/marginalization, which impact how someone interacts with the world around them (Crenshaw, 1998).

Language: The method and organized system used to communicate between two or more individuals. This includes spoken, written, and signed words, as well as gestures and other sounds (California Department of Social Services, n.d.).

Linguicism: discrimination based on the language or dialect a person speaks, particularly when power is given to one group over another due to the language spoken, written, or signed (Nordquist, 2017).

Polyglot: The ability to speak and understand many languages. Different sources give different numbers of languages, but typically one has to know at least four languages to be considered a polyglot.

Second Language: A language which is used in the general daily environment of the learner and has the opportunity to be used beyond classroom learning (Ringbom, 1980).

Translanguaging: A term often used to describe bilingual and multilingual people who use language as a point of reference across many aspects of their lives. It often describes a lens through which they see the world, as being impacted simultaneously by both or all of their known languages.

Translation: The process or product of turning a written text(s) from one language to another (Colina, 2015).