Zoonosis from wildlife represents the most significant threat to global health by spillover of zoonotic disease to human population. Passing from members of one species into human population, alien pathogen thrives and spreads among it and finally result in emergence. Currently unknown pathogens to cause human disease could lead a serious international epidemic, as did SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, influenza and COVID19. The outbreaks have emphasized the critical need for health monitoring of human and animal, and identification of new, potentially zoonotic pathogens in wildlife population as a one-health measure for emerging infectious disease.

Here, we review the evolution of emerging viral diseases and the progress of developing vaccines with a focus on possibility of success and their challenges. Currently, no single effective vaccine is available against SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and COVID19 yet. However, advances in recombinant gene technology have sped up the establishment of a variety of vaccine platforms, and numerous vaccines are under development, accordingly. To advance the time of vaccine development, strong collaboration with variety of research field are required, and this limits further damage due the Disease X.

Daesub Song, D.V.M. Professor of College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, is an international expert on the virology including research of viral pathogenesis and development of viral vaccines and diagnostics.

Dr. Song received D.V.M in 2000 and his PhD of veterinary medicine in 2004 at Seoul National University. His research interests include animal virology (swine viruses), viral vaccine, interspecies transmission of viruses, viral-host interaction, and several viral vaccine developments. He also worked as a member in special task force team of MERS-CoV in the Korean Society of Virology and in the MERS-CoV Korea/WHO joint mission team in 2015. And he served as a member of board of directors in Korea Society for Zoonoses and The Korean Vaccine Society from 2016.

Dr. Song commercialized the oral porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccine that could induce the mucosal immunity and good protection in piglets for the first time in the world. He led the vaccine research team of several swine/canine vaccines and influenza vaccine in various animal species for the preclinical, clinical trials and registration in government.

Recently, he focused his work to the preclinical evaluation of several viral vaccines and to develop the zoonotic viral vaccines with adjuvants. His work on interspecies transmission of avian origin flu to dogs and its’ mutations led to the need of investigation of dogs as a potential mixing vessel of flu. He has published over 100 peer-reviewed articles.

Claudia Brown is a health scientist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Climate and Health Program, which is the national leader in empowering communities to protect human health from a changing climate. Claudia’s work focuses on understanding the human health effects of climate change, communities disproportionately impacted, climate adaptation strategies, and data and tool development to increase capacity to prepare for and respond to the effects of climate change. She serves a member of the US Global Change Research Program’s Climate Change and Human Health Working Group, co-author for the Southeast chapter of the Fifth National Climate Assessment, technical monitor to the Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) Climate, Health, and Equity Subcommittee, and member of the National Tribal Resilience Data Workgroup.

Dr. Sung-Sil Moon is a microbiologist in the Rotavirus Vaccine & Immunology Team at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta since 2007. Dr. Moon received her Ph.D. from the College of Medicine at the Korea University in South Korea and her postdoctoral training at CDC. She focuses on immune responses to RV infection and the effectiveness of oral RV vaccines in children. Dr. Moon conducts pre-clinical and clinical developmental studies, testing an inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV) in different animal models. She is instrumental in the research and development of the novel microneedle patch technology to deliver both IRV and IPV vaccines. Dr. Moon participated in the Ebola response in 2014, and now she is working on the COVID-19 response at CDC. Dr. Moon participates in the COVID-19 investigation and diagnostic team, and some of her work was published in Nature Medicine, MMWR and Clinical Infectious Disease. Her work has garnered numerous notable scientific awards. In 2018, she received several Honor Awards and the Director’s Award for Innovation from CDC and CDC & ATSDR Honor award for outstanding contribution and teamwork. Dr. Moon received the 2021 KWiSE Outstanding Women Scientist Award.