Computer Programming Lab

Course Objective: The course aims to give students hands – on experience and train them on the concepts of the C- programming language. 

Course Outcomes (CO): At the end of this course, the student will be able to: 

CO1:Read, understand, and trace the execution of programs written in C language. (Understand-L2) 

CO2:Apply the right control structure for solving the problem. (Apply-L3) 

CO3:Develop,Debug and Execute programs to demonstrate the applications of arrays, functions, pointers and files in C.(Apply-L3)

CO4:Improve individual/ teamwork skills, communication and report writing skills with ethical values. 

Course Handout

UNIT I 

WEEK 1 

Objective: Getting familiar with the programming environment on the computer and writing the first program. 

Suggested Experiments/ Activities: 

Tutorial 1:Problem-solvingusingComputers. 

Lab1:Familiarization with programming environment 

i) Basic Linux environment and its editors like Vi,Vim & Emacs etc. 

ii) Exposure to Turbo C, gcc 

iii) Writing simple programs using printf(), scanf() 

WEEK 2 

Objective: Getting familiar with how to formally describe a solution to a problem in a series of finite steps both using textual notation and graphic notation. 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 2:Problem-solving using Algorithms and Flowcharts. 

Lab 2: Converting algorithms/flowcharts into C Source code. Developing the algorithms/flowcharts for the following sample programs 

i) Sum and average of 3numbers 

ii) Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa 

iii) Simple interest calculation 

WEEK 3 

Objective: Learn how to define variables with the desired data-type, initialize them with appropriate values and how arithmetic operators can be used with variables and constants. Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 3:Variable types and type conversions: 

Lab 3:Simple computational problems using arithmetic expressions. 

i) Finding the square root of a given number 

ii) Finding compound interest 

iii) Area of a triangle using heron’s formulae 

iv) Distance travelled by an object 

UNIT II 

WEEK 4 

Objective: Explore the full scope of expressions, type-compatibility of variables & constants and operators used in the expression and how operator precedence works. 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 4:Operators and the precedence and as associativity 

Lab 4:Simple computational problems using the operator’ precedence and associativity 

i) Evaluate the following expressions. 

a. A+B*C+(D*E) + F*G 

b. A/B*C-B+A*D/3 

c. A+++B---A 

d. J=(i++) +(++i) 

ii) Find the maximum of three numbers using conditional operator 

iii) Take marks of 5 subjects in integers, and find the total, average in float 

WEEK 5 

Objective: Explore the full scope of different variants of “if construct” namely if-else, null else, ifelse if*-else, switch and nested-if including in what scenario each one of them can be used and how to use them. Explore all relational and logical operators while writing conditionals for “if construct”. 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 5:Branching and logical expressions: 

Lab 5:Problems involving if-then-else structures. 

i) Write a C program to find the max and min off our numbers using if-else.

 ii) Write a C program to generate electricity bill. 

iii) Find the roots of the quadratic equation. 

iv) Write a C program to simulate a calculator using switch case. 

v) Write a C program to find the given year is a leap year or not. 

WEEK 6 

Objective: Explore the full scope of iterative constructs namely while loop, do-while loop and for loop in addition to structured jump constructs like break and continue including when each of these statements is more appropriate to use. 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 6:Loops ,while and for loops 

Lab 6:Iterative problems e.g., the sum of series 

i) Find the factorial of given number using any loop. 

ii) Find the given number is a prime or not.

 iii) Compute sine and cos series 

iv) Checking a number palindrome 

v) Construct a pyramid of numbers. 

UNIT III 

WEEK 7: 

Objective: Explore the full scope of Arrays construct namely defining and initializing 1-D and 2- D and more generically n-D arrays and referencing individual array elements from the defined array. Using integer 1-D arrays, explore search solution linear search. 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 7:1D Arrays: searching. 

Lab 7:1D Array manipulation, linear search 

i) Find the min and max of a1-D integer array. 

ii) Perform linear search on1Darray. 

iii) Thereverseofa1D integer array 

iv) Find 2’s complement of the given binary number. 

v) Eliminate duplicate elements in an array 

WEEK 8: 

Objective: Explore the difference between other arrays and character arrays that can be used as Strings by using null character and get comfortable with string by doing experiments that will reverse a string and concatenate two strings. Explore sorting solution bubble sort using integer arrays. 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 8: 2D arrays, sorting and Strings. 

Lab 8:Matrix problems, String operations, Bubble sort 

i) Addition of two matrices 

ii) Multiplication two matrices 

iii) Sort array elements using bubble sort 

iv) Concatenate two strings without built-in functions 

v) Reverse a string using built-in and without built-in string functions 

UNIT IV 

WEEK 9: 

Objective: Explore pointers to manage a dynamic array of integers, including memory allocation and value initialization, resizing changing and reordering the contents of an array and memory deallocation using malloc (), calloc (), realloc () and free () functions. Gain experience processing command-line arguments received by C 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 9:Pointers, structures and dynamic memory allocation 

Lab 9:Pointers and structures, memory dereference. 

i) Write a C program to find the sum of a1D array using malloc() 

ii) Write a C program to find the total, average of n students using structures 

iii) Enter n students data using c alloc() and display failed students list 

iv) Read student name and marks from the command line and display the student details along with the total. 

v) Write a C program to implement realloc() 

WEEK 10: 

Objective: Experiment with C Structures, Unions, bit fields and self-referential structures (Singly linked lists) and nested structures Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 10:Bit fields,Self-Referential Structures, Linked lists 

Lab 10:Bit fields, linked lists 

i) Read and print a date using dd/mm/yyyy format using bit-fields and differentiate the same without using bit- fields 

ii) Create and displayasingly linkedlist using self-referential structure. 

iii) Demonstrate the differences between structures and unions using aC program. 

iv) Write a C program to shift/rotate using bit fields. 

v) Write a C program to copy one structure variable to another structure of the same type. 

UNIT V 

WEEK 11: 

Objective: Explore the Functions, sub-routines, scope and extent of variables, doing some experiments by parameter passing using call by value. Basic methods of numerical integration 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 11:Functions,callbyvalue,scopeandextent, 

Lab11:Simple functions using call by value, solving differential equations using Eulers theorem. 

i) Write a C function to calculate NCR value. 

ii) Write a C function to find the length of a string. 

iii) Write a C function to transpose of a matrix. 

iv) Write a C function to demonstrate numerical integration of differential equations using Euler’s method 

WEEK 12: 

Objective: Explore how recursive solutions can be programmed by writing recursive functions that can be invoked from the main by programming at-least five distinct problems that have naturally recursive solutions. 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 12:Recursion,thestructureofrecursivecalls 

Lab 12:Recursive functions 

i) Write a recursive function to enerate Fibonacci series. 

ii) Write a recursive function to find the lcm of two numbers. 

iii) Write a recursive function to find the factorial of a number. 

iv) Write a C Program to implement Ackermann function using recursion. 

v) Write a recursive function to find the sum of series. 

WEEK 13: 

Objective: Explore the basic difference between normal and pointer variables, Arithmetic operations using pointers and passing variables to functions using pointers 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 13:Call by reference, dangling pointers 

Lab 13:Simple functions using Call by reference, Dangling pointers. 

i) Write a C program to swap two numbers using call by reference. 

ii) Demonstrate Dangling pointer problem using a C program. 

iii) Write a C program to copy one string into another using pointer. 

iv) Write a C program of in no. of lowercase, uppercase, digits and other characters using pointers. 

WEEK 14: 

Objective: To understand data files and file handling with various file I/O functions. Explore the differences between text and binary files. 

Suggested Experiments/Activities: 

Tutorial 14:File handling 

Lab 14:File operations 

i) Write a C program to write and read text in to a file. 

ii) Write a C program to write and read text into a binary file using fread() and fwrite() 

iii) Copy the contents of one file to another file. 

iv) Write a C program to merge two files into the third file using command-line arguments. 

v) Find no. of lines, words and characters in a file 

vi) Write a C program to print last n characters of a given file. 

Text Books: 

1. A jay Mittal, Programming in C:A practical approach, Pearson. 

2. Byron Gottfried, Schaum's Outline of Programming with C, Mc GrawHill 

Reference Books: 

1. Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice Hall of India 

2. C Programming, A Problem-Solving Approach, Forouzan, Gilberg, Prasad, CENGAGE