obstacle avoidence robat

Creating a 4-wheel drive obstacle avoidance robot car involves connecting and programming a microcontroller (commonly an Arduino Uno) with sensors and motor drivers. Here’s a complete wiring guide and example Arduino code to get your project up and running.

🔧 Components Required:

• Arduino Uno
  
  

• 4 DC Motors (with 4WD chassis)
  
  

• L298N Motor Driver (or 2x L298N if needed)
  
  

• Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
  
  

• Power supply (Li-ion battery pack or 12V battery)
  
  

• Jumper wires
  
  

• Breadboard (optional)

• can be purchased from our store
  
  

🔌 Wiring Guide:

➤ Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

HC-SR04 Pin

Connect To arduino

VCC

5V on Arduino

GND

GND on Arduino

TRIG

Digital pin 9

ECHO

Digital pin 10

➤ L298N Motor Driver (1 module for 4 motors wired in pairs)

If you're using 1 L298N module and connecting two motors per channel (left pair & right pair):

L298N Pin

Connect To

IN1

Digital pin 2 (left motors)

IN2

Digital pin 3 (left motors)

IN3

Digital pin 4 (right motors)

IN4

Digital pin 5 (right motors)

ENA

Jumper cap (or PWM pin 6)

ENB

Jumper cap (or PWM pin 7)

+12V

Battery Positive

GND

Arduino GND & Battery GND

5V (optional)

Leave unconnected or jumper to Arduino 5V if needed (CAUTION)

💻 Arduino Code (Basic Obstacle Avoidance

// Motor Pins

int IN1 = 2;

int IN2 = 3;

int IN3 = 4;

int IN4 = 5;

// Ultrasonic Sensor Pins

int trigPin = 9;

int echoPin = 10;

long duration;

int distance;

void setup() {

  // Motor pins

  pinMode(IN1, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(IN2, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(IN3, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(IN4, OUTPUT);

  // Sensor pins

  pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

  // Get distance

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  delayMicroseconds(2);

  digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

  delayMicroseconds(10);

  digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

  duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

  distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

  Serial.print("Distance: ");

  Serial.println(distance);

  if (distance > 20) {

    moveForward();

  } else {

    stopMotors();

    delay(500);

    moveBackward();

    delay(500);

    turnRight();  // Try turning to avoid

    delay(500);

  }

}

void moveForward() {

  digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

  digitalWrite(IN3, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

}

void moveBackward() {

  digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);

  digitalWrite(IN2, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

  digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);

}

void turnRight() {

  digitalWrite(IN1, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

  digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

  digitalWrite(IN4, HIGH);

}

void stopMotors() {

  digitalWrite(IN1, LOW);

  digitalWrite(IN2, LOW);

  digitalWrite(IN3, LOW);

  digitalWrite(IN4, LOW);

}