Background

Importance of safety has been well recognized by the aluminum industry and regulatory authorities all over the world, and no doubt state of safety has improved considerably over the last few decades. However thousands of accidents occur all over the world in aluminum industry. Therefore it is essential to address the issue, identify the risk factor which lead to accidents and develop proactive frameworks and approaches, which minimize the unfavorable safety outcomes like accident, incident, and injury.

In last decade a new approach in the field of safety science has emerged which is known as resilience engineering (RE). Therefore, there is need to consider traditional safety approach, which is called Safety-I, and new approach called safety-II or resilience engineering together, to investigate the interplay of various risk factors, then risk assessment and design of intervention strategy.