EVS

The SDGs are a global call for action and require the participation of all sectors of society, including government, private sector, and civil society to achieve these goals.

India has made significant progress in achieving some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. However, there are still many challenges that need to be addressed.

India has made progress in reducing poverty, increasing access to clean water and sanitation, and increasing access to education. However, there are still large numbers of people living in poverty and facing food insecurity, and there are still significant disparities in access to basic services between different regions and social groups.

India has also taken steps to address the issue of climate change, including increasing the use of renewable energy and committing to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, air pollution remains a major problem, particularly in major cities.

India is also working to achieve gender equality, but there are still significant disparities in terms of access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities for women.

Overall, India has made progress in achieving some of the SDGs, but there is still a long way to go to achieve all the goals. The Government of India has taken steps to address these challenges by launching various schemes and policies to achieve sustainable development. The government is also working with the private sector and civil society to achieve these goals.

Agenda 21 of Rio Earth Summit

The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit, was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992. The summit was attended by representatives from 178 countries and resulted in the adoption of two important documents: Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development.

The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development is a non-binding statement of principles that set out the basic goals and principles for sustainable development. It contains 27 principles, which are grouped into four main areas:

Principle 1-5: These principles focus on the importance of human beings and the environment and the need to integrate sustainable development into all policies and decision-making processes.

Principle 6-16: These principles focus on the conservation and management of natural resources for sustainable development.

Principle 17-22: These principles focus on the role of major groups, such as women, children, and indigenous peoples, in sustainable development.

Principle 23-27: These principles focus on the means of implementing sustainable development, such as international cooperation, science and technology, and the role of the United Nations.

The Rio Declaration reaffirmed that economic growth and environmental protection are mutually reinforcing and reaffirmed the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. It also called for the participation of all sectors of society in the pursuit of sustainable development.

The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development is considered as the foundation for many international environmental agreements and sustainable development policies.