The Differences

The differences between spilling, surging and plunging of waves is spilling waves occur on gentle slopes, where the wave crest gradually spills down the front as it breaks, creating a gentle foam. Plunging waves happen on steeper slopes, with the crest curling over and crashing down powerfully, often forming a tube or barrel. Surging waves occur on very steep or rocky shorelines, where the wave surges up the beach without a significant break, resulting in a more gradual, surging motion.

Waves

Waves are created by the wind blowing across the water's surface, transferring energy and forming ripples that grow into waves. They can also be triggered by underwater disturbances like earthquakes.

Waves break when they reach shallow water, causing them to slow down and become steeper. The crest then collapses, spilling over gently, plunging with force, or surging up the shore without a significant break.

Wind swell comes from local winds, creating smaller, choppy waves with short periods. Ground swell originates from distant winds, resulting in larger, smoother waves with longer periods and more consistency.

Surfing

Beginner surfers should start on gentle, spilling waves. These waves break slowly and softly, making them easier and safer to ride while learning basic skills.

Advanced surfers favor plunging waves or ground swells for their powerful, steep faces and ability to form barrels, allowing for high-performance maneuvers and challenging rides.