Today, Transparency International releases The Global Corruption Report: Education, and its message is clear: When there is corruption in education, the poor and disadvantaged suffer most. Education is critical if we are to meet the goal of ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity by 2030. Corruption undermines the equally critical goal of ensuring that all children and youth go to school and learn.
While corruption hampers all development efforts, it is a debilitating presence in the education sector. In my contribution to the report, I highlight the damage from corruption in one of the most important aspects of education, teacher absenteeism.
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In India, the expansion of education has been amazing. Aside from these hopeful characteristics, the educational system is harmed by some unkempt enterprises and politics in the educational sector. The majority of Indians want to provide their children with a good education. Corruption has infiltrated the educational system. Instead of stressing the concept of total human development, modern educational institutions focus strongly on moneymaking and consumerism. Corruption used to be limited to government offices, business organizations, and police stations, but it has now grown its roots in the educational system as well. Schools are no longer a sanctuary of learning, but rather a market for low-quality learning.
[2] Abhinav Singh and Bharathi Purohit (2011a): Fracas over Privatisation, Quality Assurance and Corruption in Indian higher education, Journal of Education and Practice, Vol 2, No 11&12 accessed on 21 January 2022
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Contemplation shows frequent incidents of question paper leakage in certain school examination boards, University examinations, admission tests to different courses, teacher recruitment tests, etc. Similarly, the instances of nepotism, illegal gratification, forgery in documents, plagiarism, and fraud in teacher recruitment and admissions are not rare nowadays. On top of everything, the shocking revelations about the alleged use of unfair practices and disregard of merit in selecting academic leadership are vexatious. These uncalled-for manifestations are usually driven by either explicit/implicit monetary transactions or attempt to favour someone out of turn. But the occurrence of even an iota of such iniquitous practices in the supposedly sacrosanct education system and allied processes are disquieting because it daresay the ailing processes of nurturing innocent minds into responsible human beings.
The implications of unethical corrupt practices in education and allied processes affect the standpoint of students about the sanctity of teaching-learning-evaluation processes and the teachers & staff in the institutions of their study. Disrespect to merit at any stage culminates in the vitiation of the whole education system and the products rolled out from them.
Setting aside competence at the time of recruitment of teachers in schools due to any consideration will result in recruitment of sub-standard teachers which will cause declension of the education quality by lowering the benchmarks and rigour levels suiting constellation of such teachers. Ultimately, the standard of education goes down and the quality of educated ones will be inferior to the past thresholds.
The poor quality of students coming out from school education becomes inferior quality feed for higher education and their inherent limitations in terms of learning gaps enervate the possibility of being not educated with thoroughness and thus lower the quality of higher education too. Though it will create a pool of educated individuals but with deficient quality often baptized as unemployable graduates or postgraduates.
The impact of poor quality is felt by the vicious loop created by mediocrity thriving mediocrity in education. Thence the compromises made in engaging human resources in academic processes is the corruption that impacts future and is unpardonable.
The corruption of any type in the education system ends up in intoxicating future generations and is much more dreadful as compared to damage due to financial corruption in other sectors. The poor quality of education may not be prima-facie monetary corruption but the loss incurred by it through the inadequately educated youths will equate to unbelievable amount of money and jeopardize the sustainability & growth of civilization. Time is ripe with ample pointers for the education regulators and government to ponder upon the issues emanating from the ongoing assault on the virtuousness of the education system lest the demographic dividend is lost.
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This paper examines how increased voter ethnicization, defined as a greater preference for the party representing one's ethnic group, affects politician quality. If politics is characterized by incomplete policy commitment, then ethnicization reduces average winner quality for the pro-majority party with the opposite true for the minority party. The effect increases with greater numerical dominance of the majority (and so social homogeneity). Empirical evidence from a survey on politician corruption that we conducted in North India is remarkably consistent with our theoretical predictions.
Corruption in India is an issue which affects economy of central, state, and local government agencies. Corruption is blamed for stunting the economy of India.[1] A study conducted by Transparency International in 2005 recorded that more than 62% of Indians had at some point or another paid a bribe to a public official to get a job done.[2][3] In 2008, another report showed that about 50% of Indians had first hand experience of paying bribes or using contacts to get services performed by public offices.[4] In Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, which scored 180 countries on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"), India scored 39. When ranked by score, India ranked 93rd among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector.[5] For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the worst score was 11 (ranked 180), and the average score was 43.[6] For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among the countries of the Asia Pacific region[Note 1] was 85, the lowest score was 17, and the average score was 45.[7] Various factors contribute to corruption, including officials siphoning money from government social welfare schemes. Examples include the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and the National Rural Health Mission.[8][9] Other areas of corruption include India's trucking industry, which is forced to pay billions of rupees in bribes annually to numerous regulatory and police stops on interstate highways.[10]
The causes of corruption in India include excessive regulations, complicated tax and licensing systems, numerous government departments with opaque bureaucracy and discretionary powers, monopoly of government controlled institutions on certain goods and services delivery, and the lack of transparent laws and processes.[14][15] There are significant variations in the level of corruption and in the government's efforts to reduce corruption across India.
Since the anti-corruption departments in India exist as defunct outfits, the corrupt bureaucrats and politicians keep committing acts of corruption with impunity. This fact is also stated in its annual country report released in April 2022 by the U.S. Department of State.[17]
In an exclusive section, "Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government", the report asserts that the law provides criminal penalties for corruption by officials at all levels of government in India. However, officials frequently engaged in corrupt practices with impunity while there were numerous reports of government corruption during the year.[17]
The U.S. report adds that corruption in India happens at different levels including the payment of bribes to expedite services such as police protection, school admission, water supply, and government assistance.[17]
Both government regulators and police share in bribe money, to the tune of 43% and 45% each, respectively. The en route stoppages at checkpoints and entry-points can take up to 11 hours per day. About 60% of these (forced) stoppages on roads by concerned authorities such as government regulators, police, forest, sales and excise, octroi and weighing and measuring departments are for extorting money. The loss in productivity due to these stoppages is an important national concern; the number of truck trips could increase by 40%, if forced delays are avoided. According to a 2007 World Bank published report, the travel time for a Delhi-Mumbai trip could be reduced by about 2 days per trip if the corruption and associated regulatory stoppages to extract bribes were eliminated.[18][19][20]
Problems caused by corruption in government-funded projects are not limited to the state of Uttar Pradesh. The World Bank study finds that the public distribution programs and social spending contracts have proven to be a waste due to corruption.[24]
CSIR, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, has been flagged in ongoing efforts to root out corruption in India.[27] Established with the directive to do translational research and create real technologies, CSIR has been accused of transforming into a ritualistic, overly-bureaucratic organisation that does little more than churn out papers.[28][29] 589ccfa754
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