Katakana, with a few additions, are also used to write Ainu. A number of systems exist to write the Rykyan languages, in particular Okinawan, in hiragana. Taiwanese kana were used in Taiwanese Hokkien as glosses (ruby text or furigana) for Chinese characters in Taiwan when it was under Japanese rule.

Each kana character (syllabogram) corresponds to one sound or whole syllable in the Japanese language, unlike kanji regular script, which corresponds to a meaning (logogram). Apart from the five vowels, it is always CV (consonant onset with vowel nucleus), such as ka, ki, sa, shi, etc., with the sole exception of the C grapheme for nasal codas usually romanised as n. The structure has led some scholars to label the system moraic, instead of syllabic, because it requires the combination of two syllabograms to represent a CVC syllable with coda (i.e. CVn, CVm, CVng), a CVV syllable with complex nucleus (i.e. multiple or expressively long vowels), or a CCV syllable with complex onset (i.e. including a glide, CyV, CwV).


Kana Tv


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Syllables beginning with the voiced consonants [g], [z], [d] and [b] are spelled with kana from the corresponding unvoiced columns (k, s, t and h) and the voicing mark, dakuten. Syllables beginning with [p] are spelled with kana from the h column and the half-voicing mark, handakuten.

Syllables beginning with palatalized consonants are spelled with one of the seven consonantal kana from the i row followed by small ya, yu or yo. These digraphs are called yon.

The difference in usage between hiragana and katakana is stylistic. Usually, hiragana is the default syllabary, and katakana is used in certain special cases. Hiragana is used to write native Japanese words with no kanji representation (or whose kanji is thought obscure or difficult), as well as grammatical elements such as particles and inflections (okurigana). Today katakana is most commonly used to write words of foreign origin that do not have kanji representations, as well as foreign personal and place names. Katakana is also used to represent onomatopoeia and interjections, emphasis, technical and scientific terms, transcriptions of the Sino-Japanese readings of kanji, and some corporate branding.

Systems supporting only a limited set of characters, such as Wabun code for Morse code telegrams and single-byte digital character encodings such as JIS X 0201 or EBCDIK, likewise dispense with kanji, instead using only katakana. This is not necessary in systems supporting double-byte or variable-width encodings such as Shift JIS, EUC-JP, UTF-8 or UTF-16.

Old Japanese was written entirely in kanji, and a set of kanji called man'ygana were first used to represent the phonetic values of grammatical particles and morphemes. As there was no consistent method of sound representation, a phoneme could be represented by multiple kanji, and even those kana's pronunciations differed in whether they were to be read as kungana (, "meaning kana") or ongana (, "sound kana"), making decipherment problematic. The man'ysh, a poetry anthology assembled sometime after 759 and the eponym of man'ygana, exemplifies this phenomenon, where as many as almost twenty kanji were used for the mora ka. The consistency of the kana used was thus dependent on the style of the writer. Hiragana developed as a distinct script from cursive man'ygana, whereas katakana developed from abbreviated parts of regular script man'ygana as a glossing system to add readings or explanations to Buddhist sutras. Both of these systems were simplified to make writing easier. The shapes of many hiragana resembled the Chinese cursive script, as did those of many katakana the Korean gugyeol, suggesting that the Japanese followed the continental pattern of their neighbors.[16]

Kana is traditionally said to have been invented by the Buddhist priest Kkai in the ninth century. Kkai certainly brought the Siddha script of India home on his return from China in 806;[citation needed] his interest in the sacred aspects of speech and writing led him to the conclusion that Japanese would be better represented by a phonetic alphabet than by the kanji which had been used up to that point. The modern arrangement of kana reflects that of Siddha, but the traditional iroha arrangement follows a poem which uses each kana once.

However, hiragana and katakana did not quickly supplant man'ygana. It was only in 1900 that the present set of kana was codified. All the other forms of hiragana and katakana developed before the 1900 codification are known as hentaigana (, "variant kana"). Rules for their usage as per the spelling reforms of 1946, the gendai kana-zukai (, "present-day kana usage"), which abolished the kana for wi (), we (), and wo () (except that the last was reserved as the accusative particle).[16]

Kana are the basis for collation in Japanese. They are taken in the order given by the gojon (     ...   ), though iroha (       ...   ()) ordering is used for enumeration in some circumstances. Dictionaries differ in the sequence order for long/short vowel distinction, small tsu and diacritics. As Japanese does not use word spaces (except as a tool for children), there can be no word-by-word collation; all collation is kana-by-kana.

Characters U+3095 and U+3096 are hiragana small ka and small ke, respectively. U+30F5 and U+30F6 are their katakana equivalents. Characters U+3099 and U+309A are combining dakuten and handakuten, which correspond to the spacing characters U+309B and U+309C. U+309D is the hiragana iteration mark, used to repeat a previous hiragana. U+309E is the voiced hiragana iteration mark, which stands in for the previous hiragana but with the consonant voiced (k becomes g, h becomes b, etc.). U+30FD and U+30FE are the katakana iteration marks. U+309F is a ligature of yori () sometimes used in vertical writing. U+30FF is a ligature of koto (), also found in vertical writing.

There is also a small "Katakana Phonetic Extensions" range (U+31F0 ... U+31FF), which includes some additional small kana characters for writing the Ainu language. Further small kana characters are present in the "Small Kana Extension" block.

I feel like sometimes I see words that should have that written and don't. Like  for example. For specifically the first definition it does not say "usually written using kana alone", yet in the example sentence it doesn't use the kanji. From what I remember I don't ever really see kanji used for it either.

Is it a good idea to learn the kanji for words 'usually written in kana alone'? The deck I am currently using provides the kana and then the kanji afterwards for such words, like so: ", ". This way, I'll just end up not learning these kanji at all since my brain will just take the path of least resistance. Is it worth it to edit the deck so the card will just say "" and I'll therefore be forced to learn the kanji reading? Part of the reason I'm started doing this deck with only words rather than sentences is because I noticed I wasn't memorizing kanji at all whilst doing sentences since I wound up just memorizing what the sentences were about instead of how to read the kanji, meaning I'd fail to recognize them 90% of the time outside of the specific context of that one sentence.

Kana Pro is a quiz type learning tool for memorizing the kana characters. There is no "the right way" to use Kana Pro. If you are a beginner, you might want to start by choosing the first two groups (a -> ko) of hiragana. Once you manage to pass the last stage, add in one or two more groups. Aim for the perfection - you want to be answering quickly.

6 December 2019  Enhancement: Improved progressive web app features for better mobile usability & reliability.

2 October 2018  New feature: Created new groups for katakana characters that look similar. Thanks to sirati97 and Sinbu!

9 September 2018  New feature: Alternative characters are now separated to groups. Thanks to nahive for his contribution!

29 April 2017  New domain! Also added comment box and some social media links, share if you like!

27 March 2017  Bugfix: Allow mobile browsers to change a locked stage number.

24 March 2017  Enhancement: Improved mobile browser usability with reduced margins.

18 March 2017  Bugfix: Fixed unintended behavior when same group was selected from both hiragana & katakana. Thanks for the bug report!

I am working on an application that allows users to input Japanese language characters. I am trying to come up with a way to determine whether the user's input is a Japanese kana (hiragana, katakana, or kanji).

A Kawaii Kana Match-Em Up.

Are you sick of educational games that are glorified pop-quizzes? Do you just want to play an awesome game and have a new real world skill at the end of it? Do you want to learn how to read Hiragana and Katakana?


Well then, Kana Quest is for you!


\"But how does it work\" I hear you think. Excellent question! In Japanese, each phonetic letter is called a Kana. Kana that have a shared sound will match. When all Kana in a level are connected by matches, it will be complete.


A Kawaii Kana Match-Em Up.

Are you sick of educational games that are glorified pop-quizzes? Do you just want to play an awesome game and have a new real world skill at the end of it? Do you want to learn how to read Hiragana and Katakana?


Well then, Kana Quest is for you!


"But how does it work" I hear you think. Excellent question! In Japanese, each phonetic letter is called a Kana. Kana that have a shared sound will match. When all Kana in a level are connected by matches, it will be complete.

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