Juwe Ram Script

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By the middle of the nineteenth century, there were three styles of writing Manchu in use: standard script (ginggulere hergen), semi-cursive script (gidara hergen), and cursive script (lasihire hergen). Semicursive script had less spacing between the letters, and cursive script had rounded tails.[6]

Juwe Ram Script

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Today, it is still divided among experts on whether the Manchu script is alphabetic or syllabic. In China, it is considered syllabic, and Manchu is still taught in this manner, while in the West it is treated like an alphabet. The alphabetic approach is used mainly by foreigners who want to learn the language, as studying the Manchu script as a syllabary takes longer.[19][20]

The plaque on the Lizheng Gate, the main entrance to the Chengde Summer Resort, carries the name of the gate in five scripts - Manchu, Mongolian, Chinese, Tibetan, and Hui. When the Qing Empire was founded, Manchu, Mongolian, and Chinese were designated the official languages; later, with expansion of the Empire's territory, Tibetan (Tibetan/Tangut scripts) and Uighur were added. This linguistic diversity was a key feature of the Qing multi-ethnic state. In order to facilitate communication, the Qing court compiled a series of multi-lingual glossaries and publications. While the pre-eminence of the Manchu language and script was established in Qing linguistic policy, other ethnic groups were also able to continue to use their own languages and scripts.

The Manchurian book here contains the text "juwan juwe uju" and a table of the twelve Manchurian syllables. The first prefix consists of six original sounds (a, e, i, o, u, and tag_hash_117) and all complementary sounds (n, k, g, h, b, p, s, tag_hash_125, t, d, l, m, c, j, y, r, f, and w) that form syllables, and the second to twelfth prefixes consist of the first prefix and eleven phonemes (i, r, n, ng, k, s, t, d, o, l, and m) that form syllables. Such information helps Manchu language beginners practice their pronunciation.

I tried it with /script MacroFrameText:Insert("") but I immediatly hit the 250 character limit with only one linked gem.I see others post multiple items in trade chat via macro though, so there has to be a way.

This iron sword guard of ovoid shape consists of two plates joined together on their flats, held by a rather thick rim of flattened oval cross-section. The seem between the plates can still be seen in the tang opening. The plate exposed at the back is left smooth, while the front plate is drilled and chiseled with ornamentation in the form of fine tendrils, and four characters in the lantsa script, an ornate form of writing Sanskrit.

The tang opening is cut so that the script is aligned with the edge pointing down, suited for the Qing way of carrying the saber edge-down, hilt backwards. Around the tang opening is not the usual oval washer seat that the Japanese tsuba would have, but instead the elongated trapezoid shape, following the shape of the angular ferrules that were popular in China primarily in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Many Manchus and Mongols were Tibetan Buddhists and Helmets with mantras in lantsa script were worn by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors, and from the late 18th century onwards also by high ranking military officials.2 Mantras seen on helmets worn by the Qianlong emperor and his military officials include o mai padme h and the o h seen on this guard.

Last month I had the idea to celebrate the Chinese New Year by creating a javascript-based calendar for the traditional Chinese lunisolar calendar, but with the calendrical data presented in the Manchu language and script rather than in Chinese. My first step was to borrow some code from the internet (in fact the code that displays the Chinese calendar date at the top right of this page), but after a week spent rewriting and testing it I came to realise that it did not work very well, so I decided it was best to write the code myself from scratch. Rather than try to dynamically calculate the data as some implementations do (far too complicated for me), I chose to use a table-based implementation covering 200 years from 1901 to 2100 inclusively. The result is that the javascript file is quite large, but the code is quite simple, and it should be easy to extend the date ranges if required. I have released the javascript code (calendar.js) under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license.

Several people have asked for an explantion of calendrical data provided on the above pages and/or further information about the calendrical terms in the various languages and scripts used, and this blog post is an attempt to answer such questions. I am by no means an expert on the Chinese calendar, so I won't go into too much technical detail about calendrical calculations, but I attempt to provide the minimum information necessary to understand the data provided on my "Today's Date in ..." pages.

Chinese lunar months start on the day of a new moon, and last for 29 or 30 days. The first lunar month starts on the day of the second new moon after the winter solstice, and occurs between January 21 and February 20 inclusively in the 200 years from 1901 to 2100 covered by my javascript calendar. There are normally twelve lunar months in a year, named as the 1st through 12th month. As a lunar cycle is about 29.53 days long and a solar year lasts about 365.2425 days, an intercalary month is inserted every two or three years (approximately seven times every 19 years). When an intercalary month is added, it is the first lunar month of the year that does not contain a midpoint solar term (see Table 4), and it is named after the preceding month (e.g. an intercalary month inserted after the 5th month is called the "intercalary 5th month"). The intercalary month is almost always inserted after one of the 2nd through 8th months, but may very rarely occur after another month. The names of the months and days in the various languages of my javascript calendar pages are listed in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively.

That three-block Khitan sample is from line two of the Langjuninscription which was once thought to be in Jurchen. Turns out that the'Langjun' in question was Jurchen - the younger brother of the emperorof the Jurchen Jin dynasty. So this post still fits this year's focuson Jurchen, though I do have many non-Jurchen topics in a queue.

I don't have a Jurchen input method set up yet. That's something Iought to do to celebrate the 900th anniversary of the Jurchen largescript. So I copy and paste characters from lists. I have a text fileof all Jurchen characters organized by number of strokes and'radicals'. Without bothering to take note of the number of strokes, Ispotted a character with a 'five'-like shape at the bottom and pastedit into the image file. Unfortunately, I pasted the wrong one. I'vereuploaded the image with the right one.

attested only in Chinese transcription in the Bureau of Interpretersvocabulary as (#297). Kane (1989: 194) thinks it might be an error forthe Jurchen cognate of Manchu aniya biya 'first month', lit.'year month'.

There is no doubt that the word is related to the root songgi-of Manchu songgiha ~ songgin 'tip of the nose'. But onthe surface the Chinese transcriptions seem to represent slightlydifferent forms:

I have long thought that the extant sources for Jurchen are notdirectly ancestral to Manchu. Do those forms contain retentions orinnovations absent from Manchu? Apart from perhaps preserving anoriginal final -i sans suffix, I think they are artifacts ofChinese transcription.

It would be worthwhile to go through all the Bureau of Translatorsand Bureau of Interpreters transcriptons of Jurchen with an eye (orshould I say an ear?) for the limitations of Ming Mandarin phonologyand see if there are other cases of Manchu-like forms distorted throughthe lens of the Chinese finite syllabary.

1.1.16:04: The character could be related to Chinese 'dog'. IfJanhunen's hypothesis that the Jurchen script is derived from a sisterof the Chinese script is correct, then might be a moreelaborate descendant of the drawing of a dog ancestral to.

There are currently two different ways to trigger a server event from inside a client script.For smaller transactions the you should use TriggerServerEvent, while for larger transactions (which contain more data) TriggerLatentServerEvent would be more optimal.

In 1992, an extremely rare and almost unnoticed new catalogue of the Manchu holdings of the Mongolian State Central Library in Ulaanbaatar was published, compiled by G. Buyantogtoch and M. Bajarsajchan, bearing the trilingual Manchu-Mongol-English title "Monggo gurun-i amba bithe-i boo de asaraha manju bithe cagan-i oohon" / "Ulsyn tv nomyn sangijn man chmrgijn nom zin brtgl" / "Catalogue of the Manchu Collection in the Mongolian State Central Library". It describes 180 titles, generally (though not always) with bibliographical descriptions following L. Misig's catalogue of 1959 (Ulaanbaatur qota-daki ulus-un sang-un manu nom-un kmrgen-d bayi-a manu nom-un ara). After the title and the quotation of what the compilers consider the colophone, both in Manchu script, follow the call number and the Mongolian translation of the Manchu title and of bibliographical data, all in modern Mongolian. At the end, a Mongolian translation of the colophone is given. The bibliographical data are either detailed or almost not existing: in many cases, the indication "xylograph" (modon bar) or "manuscript" (gar bimal) is missing, and the compilation or publication dates are omitted. Nevertheless, the catalogue offers a good overview of the Manchu collection in the State Central Library in Ulaanbaatar, with 49 titles not included in Misig's catalogue. (His list of Imperial patents, however, is not included). Furthermore, one notices that not all entries found in Misig's work are listed in the new catalogue, for example the Mukden-i fujurun bithe (Misig no. 136), the Jeo gurun-i bithe (no. 140), the Orin duin hiyooun-i bithe (no.176), the izung (temgetulehe) hwangdi-i dergi hese (no. 28), and some dictionaries. Uncertain remains the identification of Misig's (no. 123) Ze fa gioi i ge bithe with the Manju Nikan hergen kamcifi acabure Ze fan gioi i-i bithe (no. 131 in the new catalogue), since misprints or misreadings are often found in both works. Duplicates are not indicated. Problematic, in many cases, are also the dates of compilation, printing, and publication, since these dates are often given only according to the reign periods of the Manchu emperors, which constitute the structure of the whole work. No other indexes exist except for a final general index on pp. 138-156, which is based on the already mentioned reign periods but without any subdivision into subjects: it therefore appears rather useless. An alphabetical index, similar to the index compiled by Robert G. Service for Misig's catalogue (in "Manchu Studies Newsletter", issue IV, 1981-1982, pp. 21-32), may thus be of some help at least in order to know which Manchu works are kept in the Mongolian State Library in Ulaanbaatar. Titles not included in Misig's catalogue are marked with an *. be457b7860