2.2.1 Programming fundamentals

• The use of variables, constants, operators, inputs, outputs and assignments

• The use of the three basic programming constructs used to control the flow of a program:

  • Sequence

  • Selection

  • Iteration (count- and condition-controlled loops)

• The common arithmetic operators

• The common Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT

2.2.2 Data types

• The use of data types:

  • Integer

  • Real

  • Boolean

  • Character and string

• Casting

2.2.3 Additional programming techniques

• The use of basic string manipulation

• The use of basic file handling operations:

  • Open

  • Read

  • Write

  • Close

• The use of records to store data

• The use of SQL to search for data

• The use of arrays (or equivalent) when solving problems, including both one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays

• How to use sub programs (functions and procedures) to produce structured code

• Random number generation