Teaching

Unit 1:Introduction to Ecology

History of ecology, Autecology and synecology, Levels of organization, Laws of limiting factors, Study of Physical factors, The Biosphere.

Unit 2: Population

Unitary and Modular populations, Unique and group attributes of population: Demographic factors, life tables, fecundity tables, survivorship curves, dispersal and dispersion. Geometric, exponential and logistic growth, equation and patterns, r and K strategies Population regulation, density dependent and independent factors Population Interactions, Gause’s Principle with laboratory and field examples, Lotka-Volterra equation for competition.

Unit 3: Community

Community characteristics: species diversity, abundance, , dominance, richness, Vertical stratification, Ecotone and edge effect. succession with one example

Unit 4: Ecosystem

Types of ecosystem with an example in detail, Food chain: Detritus and grazing food chains, Linear and Y-shaped food chains, Food web, Energy flow through the ecosystem, Ecological pyramids and Ecological efficiencies Nutrient and biogeochemical cycle with an example of Nitrogen cycle, Human modified ecosystem

Unit 5: Applied Ecology

Wildlife Conservation (in-situ and ex-situ conservation), Managementstrategiesfortigerconservation; Wildlifeprotectionact(1972)

Unit 2

Historical review of Evolutionary concepts, Lamarckism, Darwinism and Neo Darwinism

Unit 5

1. Population genetics: Hardy-Weinberg Law (statement and derivation of equation, application of law to biallelic Population);

2. Evolutionary forces upsetting H-W equilibrium; Natural selection (concept of fitness, types of selection, selection coefficient, mode of selection heterozygous superiority).

3. Genetic Drift mechanism (founder’s effect, bottleneck phenomenon) Role of Migration and Mutation in changing allele frequencies.

Unit1: Introduction to Animal Behaviour

1. Origin and history of Ethology, Brief profiles of Karl Von Frish, Ivan Pavlov, Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen

2. Proximate and ultimate causes of behaviour, Methods and recording of a behaviour

Unit3: Social and Sexual Behaviour

1. Social Behaviour: Concept of Society; Communication and the senses

2. Altruism; Insects’ society with Honeybee as example; Foraging in honeybee and advantages of the waggle dance.

3. Sexual Behaviour: Asymmetry of sex, Sexual dimorphism, Mate choice, Intra-sexual selection (male rivalry), Inter-sexual selection (female choice), Sexual conflict in parental care

Unit1: Overview of Immune System

1. Basic concepts of health and diseases,

2. Historical perspective of Immunology,

3. Cells and organs of the Immune system Immune system

Unit2:Innate and Adaptive Immunity

1. Anatomical barriers,

2. Inflammation,

3. Cell and molecules involved in innate immunity, Adaptive immunity (Cell mediated and humoral).

Unit3: Antigens

1. Antigenicity and immunogenicity, Immunogens, Adjuvants and haptens,

2. Factors influencing immunogenicity,

3. Band T-Cell epitopes

Unit4:Immunoglobulins

1. Structure and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins,

2. Antigen- antibody interactions,

3. Immunoassays (ELISA and RIA),

4. Hybridoma technology, Monoclonal antibody production