I have long been interested in applying quantum chemistry methods originally developed for molecules to solids and materials. This is an exciting opportunity because many of those quantum chemistry methods have not yet been applied to solids and we do not know how well or poorly they work for solids yet. In solid-state applications, in addition to reaching the basis set limit, accessing the thermodynamic limit (i.e., infinite system size limit) is critical. Reaching both basis set and thermodynamic limits poses greater challenges to existing quantum chemistry approaches and the computational cost reduction becomes even more important than it was for molecules. I am interested in a broad range of approaches including density functional theory, Moller-Plesset perturbation theory, coupled-cluster theory, and auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo. I also maintain an interest in embedding approaches in this context.
Lee et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 3372–3387.
Lee et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2021, 155, 164102.
Huggins,..., Lee, Nature 2022, 603, 416-420.
Lee et al., PRX Quantum 2021, 2, 030305.
Several years ago, I started to think about how to harness the power of quantum computers to solve difficult problems in quantum chemistry, condensed matter physics, and materials science. On Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines, it has been difficult to realize practical quantum advantage over classical state-of-the-art quantum chemistry methods that I use and develop in my other research projects. To this end, I have recently proposed a new quantum-classical hybrid algorithm that shows some potential for scalability and accuracy even with NISQ machines. In particular, with collaborators at Google, I demonstrated that we can already compute the ground state energy accurately up to systems with 16-qubit, which is the largest chemistry simulation on a quantum computer so far. I am interested in developing this approach further as a means to potentially demonstrate a quantum advantage in quantum chemistry. Aside from near-term algorithmic developments, I am also interested in quantum dynamics problems with fault-tolerant machines and the ground state computation with quantum phase estimation.
During my postdoctoral training, I had a chance to work on problems of interacting electrons coupled to vibrations of lattices and molecules. This problem is at the heart of modern condensed matter physics under the name of electron-phonon (or polaron) problems. These problems often challenge the Born-Oppenheimer approximation made in most quantum chemistry calculations. Going beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation while handling the electron-electron correlation leads to different kinds of theoretical challenges. At the same time, there have been interesting physical phenomena such as light-induced exciton condensation that are driven by electrons interacting with electromagnetic waves (i.e., photons). Both phonons and photons are bosons and methodologies to describe systems of electrons coupled to phonons and/or to photons should not be so different. I am generally interested in developing scalable approaches along these lines and understanding new experimental phenomena related to them.
Lee et al., Phys. Rev. B 2021, 103, 115123.
My other research interests are centered on methodology developments, but all of them are for tackling interesting problems in chemistry and materials. These problems are very difficult (or impossible) to solve with currently available tools and our understanding of them is very limited. Just to name a few, I became interested in the behavior of correlated metal oxides from ab-initio calculations due to their application in magnetic storage, understanding the transport properties such as mobility of lead-halide perovskites (a highly promising solar material), understanding the exciton condensation phenomenon observed in transition metal dichalcogenides, and emerging correlated phases in Moire materials.
The development of production-level programs plays a major role in computational science. Such tools allow for testing new ideas with as little pain as possible and once validated implementing these new ideas efficiently for large-scale applications. I have been an active developer of Q-Chem, a commercial quantum chemistry package, for many years. Furthermore, I am the lead developer of a Python-based auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo code called ipie. I hope to continue this software development.