Title: Introduction to HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and design web pages. It provides a structured way to organize content on a web page using a system of markup tags. Here's an introduction to HTML:
Structure of an HTML Document:
An HTML document consists of elements that define the structure and content of a web page. It typically begins with a <!DOCTYPE html> declaration, followed by an <html> element that contains the entire document. The document is then divided into two main sections: the <head> section, which contains metadata and links to external resources, and the <body> section, which contains the visible content of the web page.
HTML Elements and Tags:
HTML elements are building blocks of web pages and are defined by tags enclosed in angle brackets (<>). Tags usually come in pairs: an opening tag and a closing tag. The opening tag indicates the beginning of an element, and the closing tag indicates the end of the element. For example, <p> is an opening tag for a paragraph, and </p> is a closing tag.
Some HTML elements are self-closing and don't require a closing tag. For example, the <img> tag is used to embed images and doesn't have a closing tag.
Elements can also have attributes, which provide additional information about the element. Attributes are specified within the opening tag and typically consist of a name and a value. For example, in <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description">, src and alt are attributes.
Common HTML Elements:
<p>: Defines a paragraph.
<h1> to <h6>: Define headings of different levels.
<a>: Defines a hyperlink.
<img>: Embeds an image.
<ul>: Defines an unordered list.
<ol>: Defines an ordered list.
<li>: Defines a list item.
<div>: Defines a division or a section in a document.
<span>: Defines a section of text.
Text Formatting:
HTML provides tags to format text, such as:
<strong> or <b>: Bold text.
<em> or <i>: Italic text.
<u>: Underlined text.
<br>: Line break.
<hr>: Horizontal rule.
Comments:
You can add comments to an HTML document using the <!-- --> syntax. Comments are ignored by web browsers and are useful for adding notes or explanations within the code.
Semantic HTML:
Semantic HTML elements provide meaning to the content, making it more accessible and understandable for both humans and machines. Examples include <header>, <nav>, <main>, <footer>, <article>, <section>, and <aside>. These elements help structure the content of a web page in a meaningful way.
Attributes:
Attributes provide additional information about elements and are specified within the opening tag. For example, the href attribute in an <a> tag specifies the URL of the hyperlink.
Whitespace and Indentation:
HTML is forgiving when it comes to whitespace and indentation. You can use spaces, tabs, and line breaks to format your code for readability without affecting how the web page is rendered.
HTML is the foundation of web development, and understanding its basics is essential for creating and designing web pages. As you become more familiar with HTML, you can explore more advanced topics like CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity.
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