A long and detailed discussion about the UK's problems designing cycle lanes. http://www.voleospeed.co.uk/2013/08/the-new-royal-college-street-cycle.html
Personally I think it is necessary to separate cars and bikes completely as in this example from Barcelona.
I think it is true to say that cyclists don’t like cars in the way and car drivers certainly don’t like cyclist cutting in front of them all the time, so come on councils, the future is dedicated cycle lanes!
Two-way cycle lane in Barcelona, Spain.