Photography Basics
In here you'll find the basics for capturing the best possible picture.
In general the basics require you to understand 3 concepts:
ISO - Shutter Speed - Aperture (or iris).
ISO is the sensor's sensitivity to light, just like old film had a number for it's sensitivity to light too, the larger the number the more sensitive the sensor becomes to less light, so it can help you capture images and videos in darker environments, but the more you increase the number of ISO the more noise you'll have in low light environments and in the shadows, and that's because the sensor will be capturing data from all those pixels but giving them values even though the shadow areas might have non, and hence there will be color shifting pixels in your image because the sensor is giving information to the A/D (analog to digital converter) in your camera to assign a number of brightness and color in that pixel while in reality the number is heightened/the pixel is giving data/ because of high ISO not because there is data there, and so here comes some noise.
If you want to do it the nerdy way there is a calculation to get the best picture according to the light you have in your scene, and that's how photography was done in the past days of Film, if you talk to a professional they would tell you to use the nerdy way as it provides you with the best picture if you know how, but for digital photography it's easier to try and fix, it's not like you have to wait for the film to be developed and them curse your self for not shooting in the right settings...
This nerdy way is based on how much of light deference there is with each stop of (ISO, Shutter Speed, and Aperture).
A general rule is to always keep your ISO as low as possible, and that's why you should always use light as plentiful as you can.
It's the time that the camera lets your sensor exposed to the light coming from the lens, so when you set a certain number of seconds or fractions of a second, you're letting the sensor exposed for that period of time, so the number 1 in that setting is the second and the number after the \ is the fraction of the second.
Example 1\100 is one hundredth of a second, and on the opposite side 2" is two whole seconds.
In simple terms and by observing results, Shutter speed is responsible for two particular things:
Changing the brightness of your photo according to the nerdy way before, in exposing right.
Creating dramatic effects by either freezing action or blurring motion, this is with knowing what the other settings should be to expose the picture right and have that effect.
Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. It is calibrated in f/stops and is generally written as numbers such as 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16. Lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures, this number refers to the distance of blades of the aperture to the outsides of the lens body, so the smaller the number the bigger the inside opening is and the closer the blades become to the wall of the lens body sides.