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The first newspaper in France, edited by Pierre Lebrun, appeared in Oléans on September 25, 1690, and was banned the same day by Justice Georges Bonnet. The editor's subsequent long fight to continue to publish his paper and print what he wished marks an important episode in the continuing struggle to maintain a free press.
The editor of this paper wrote articles criticising Justice Bonnet.
The editor of the first French newspaper died within a few days after his paper was banned on September 25, 1690.
Justice Bonnet objected to some of the items published in Pierre Lebrun’s paper.
Thirty years ago, the American town of Westfield began repossessing farms lost by their owners as a result of non-payment of taxes. To date the town has planted some 3,600 acres of community forest on some of this land. The pine trees have grown well. The town forest yielded the equivalent of £100,000 net profit on pulpwood last year and £95,000 the year before. Local authorities believe that the net profit on the pulpwood will continue to grow and eventually reach 2300,000 a year from just the present 3,600 acres.
The town spends more to cut and sell the pulpwood than it gains from the sales.
The Westfield community forest contains many varieties of marketable trees.
Westfield's town forest will yield an annual net profit of £300,000 from the present 3,600 acres within two or three years.
When writers win international awards for their first published book, young writers feel motivated to publish their writing.
Writers have won international awards even though they were new to the publishing world.
Publishing a book for the first time requires a lot of confidence.
"Members who stand to gain the most should pay the most."
People gain according to what they pay.
There are limited benefits for those who cannot pay.
"As more and more people plan to go on to university, many new university buildings must be constructed."
The number of university buildings that will be needed in the future depends on people's plans regarding higher education.
If people are to attend university, buildings must be available for them.
The benefits of attending post compulsory education are greater for the individual than the country.
"Reducing the number of pupils in a class will improve educational outcomes."
Improving educational outcomes is desirable.
There are too many pupils in classes at the moment.
"If you don't believe me, I’ll prove it to you logically."
What I present as logical proof will influence your thinking.
Some matters of belief cannot be proven by logic.
"Though integration will be difficult to achieve, the benefits of combining our resources should be evident."
Integration entails combining resources.
Some people are against the integration.
All radicals are members of minor political parties. No patriotic citizen is a radical. Therefore ...
No radical is either a patriotic citizen or a member of a major political party.
Some members of minor political parties are unpatriotic citizens.
The Society is one of three organizations able to certify its own members. The Society has certified many of its members, though only a few who are not currently Society members have been certified. Therefore...
The certification grants membership into the Society.
The Society certifies members and non-members.
The number of people certified has not been shared equally among the three awarding organizations.
While experimenting with ice cream for a school science project, Peter put a vessel of hot milk into the freezer in a hurry. He observed that his hot milk froze before his classmates' cooler milk. The teacher with whom he discussed his observation conducted an experiment and confirmed that under certain circumstances hot water freezes faster than cold water. Some students argued that this could also be a result of incorrect experimental techniques.
Some students did not get the same results as the teacher’s.
Research has established a link between highly motivated staff and organisational performance. A quarterly survey measuring staff motivation and views on the way the company is run is conducted at MBT Services, with an average of 70% of staff taking part. Seventy-five percent of all staff completed the latest survey.Only 29% of respondents reported that they were confident in the decisions made by MBT Services Senior Managers.
Most of the MBT Services staff completed the latest survey.
MBT Services use their staff motivation survey to improve the company's performance.
The response rate for the latest quarterly survey was higher than the previous one.
Would world organizations serve their customers better if there were no policies on dress and staff could wear what they wanted?
Yes; it is a significant added expense for people to have to buy different clothes for work.
Is it better for an organisation to focus on the performance of the unified sales team, rather than having individual sales people compete against each other?
Yes; most sales people now expect to work in teams and are used to the idea that they will be required to support their colleagues efforts.
No; good sales people are overly ambitious and cannot co-operate effectively with others for a sustained period of time.
Would publishing every person's salary lead to increased fairness in the public sector?
Yes; debt is a major problem in society and knowing a person's salary will make it easier for family and friends to identify when people are spending beyond their means and help them to address it.
Yes; over 93% of staff said they were happy to have their salary disclosed; the remaining 7% were people with unjustifiably nigh salaries or who had misled others about their salary.
Do organizations benefit when staff are developed to be specialists rather than generalists?
No; it is very expensive to use a large number of specialists in the organization and the overall effectiveness of the organization will be reduced by the resulting drain on resources.
No; specialist staff move between organizations more rapidly than others so the organization's effectiveness will be diminished by the need to constantly recruit and train up new staff.
Do prisons serve society best when they are principally designed to punish inmates?
Yes; sentencing should reflect the seriousness of the crime.
Is it realistic for people to expect to enjoy their work?
Yes; people spend a large part of their lives working, so their happiness depends on enjoying their work.
Level of government funding has so far had little impact on students’ decisions to stay in post-compulsory education.
No teachers are unable to provide the learning opportunities disabled students need to benefit from inclusive education.
Advocates of inclusive schools argue that it is morally right to include disabled students even if this adversely affects their non-disabled peers.
Those who knew Brown well, liked him a lot.
Brown was a hero to his workforce because of the way he treated them.
Kingsley Brown treated his servants as his social equals.
Managers are poor at identifying which of their staff are likely to be successful on the management trainee program.
The organization benefits more from the training of external applicants.
The organization sees a greater return on its investment from internal than external management trainees.
A person without a university degree cannot do a management job at a senior level.
A person who is not a university graduate is just as likely to make a good manager as someone who is.
If nations co-operate in these areas, they will avoid military conflicts.
International co-operation in scientific and educational programs will lead from tyranny to free societies.
The total time for train travel has been decreasing.
The decision to use trains has not been based purely on speed and cost.
Some members of minor political parties are unpatriotic citizens.
No patriotic citizen is a member of a minor political party.
No member of a minor political party is a patriotic citizen.
The number of people certified has not been shared equally among the three awarding organizations.
Training can be delivered by people who are not certified.
The number of delegates approved will be the same as the number of certifications issued.
Manatees are referred to as “sea cows” due to their herbivorous diet.
Elephants and manatees show anatomical similarities to one another.
Manatees share anatomical similarities with the carnivorous, semi aquatic polar bear.
Strides will be the longest trek organised by the club in the last couple of years.
Strides is expected to be better organised than Horizon.
Each trek the club organises is longer than the previous trek.
The study found that those without an extrovert personality were less likely to lie in job interviews compared to extroverted people.
The current circumstances are less favourable to development than usual.
Ethical practice can increase productivity.
No fools have sense enough to save some money each week.
A person needs to be wise in order to save some money each week.
Playing competitive chess provides good practice for chess players who want to become international chess champions.
The goal of a chess player who takes part in tournaments frequently is likely to become an international chess champion.
Design is the major factor in keeping manufacturing costs down.
Better medical services cost more.
People do not like to pay medical bills.
Poor performance is a justification for dismissal.
Some dismissals are not justified.
Some employees are more focused on meeting their individual career goals than organisation goals.
It is difficult for an employee to meet his or her individual career goals without the support of the organisation.
Having the right concepts can help in understanding relationships.
Playing competitive chess provides good practice for chess players who want to become international chess champions.
The goal of a chess player who takes part in tournaments frequently is likely to become an international chess champion.
Design is the major factor in keeping manufacturing costs down.
Better medical services cost more.
People do not like to pay medical bills.
Poor performance is a justification for dismissal.
Some dismissals are not justified.
Some employees are more focused on meeting their individual career goals than organisation goals.
It is difficult for an employee to meet his or her individual career goals without the support of the organisation.
Having the right concepts can help in understanding relationships.
The one thing that all who care about the environment want is a biofuel that is as effective as any other in powering automobiles.
The importance of biofuels is only a concern for car users who care about the environment.
Each party has some resources.
Integration entails combining resources.
A member who pays more will gain greater benefit.
Only members make gains.
Some managers will work in more than one industry during their careers.
To succeed as a retail manager, managers who don't have the skills necessary to succeed in the manufacturing industry must build new skills.
Some members will gain less than others.
People gain according to what they pay.
In the long run, financial benefits are likely to outweigh financial costs for a city that stages a major event.
The major benefits to a city staging a worldwide sporting event are not financial ones.
A person can’t oppose a national curriculum and be a genuine friend of education.
Some genuine friends of education are not in favour of a national curriculum.
MBT Services use their staff motivation survey to improve the company's performance.
The response rate for the latest quarterly survey was higher than the previous one.
Some matters of belief cannot be proven by logic.
Logical proof will cause you to alter your belief about the matter under discussion.
Once new sources of energy have been discovered, demand for energy will not exceed supply.
Producing energy from new energy sources will not consume more energy than the sources yield.
There is currently no intention to invest in manufacturing facilities.
New equipment will make the company more productive.
Young writers, when motivated, will publish a book that will win international awards.
Writers have won international awards even though they were new to the publishing world.
Some free medical services are not the best.
People have unrealistic expectations.
If a licensed staff member works in the toxic zone they would not be able to carry a medi-card.
All those with warrants are licensed.
People become happier, on average, as they live longer.
If a person is working in a toxic zone with photo ID but no medi-card they would have to be licensed.
Yes; no work is so without interest that you cannot take pleasure in it.
Yes; over 93% of staff said they were happy to have their salary disclosed; the remaining 7% were people with unjustifiably high salaries or who had misled others about their salary.
Yes; debt is a major problem in society and knowing a person’s salary will make it easier for family and friends to identify when people are spending beyond their means and help them to address it.
Yes; other countries invest more in science education than we do.
Yes; more science graduates are needed to build up our industrial base.
Social mobility can be impacted by school selection policy.
Equality of opportunity is not valued by high-achieving schools.
Many of our opinions are likely to give way before the slightest argument.
If a person’s opinion was easily swayed by an argument, the opinion was not held with conviction.
On average, drivers are as safe in older cars as they are in new ones.
Some cars made 10 years ago would achieve the highest ratings for driver safety today.
Improving the driver safety of some new cars has been dependent on new technologies.
Some children under ten years of age did not receive measles vaccine.
Some children younger than 10 years old received the measles vaccine that year.
The students in Mrs Green’s class were brighter as a group than the students in Mr Walter’s class.
Mrs Green and Mr Walter taught in the same school.
The method of teaching used by Mrs Green was superior to the method used by Mr Walter.
Yes; it is a significant added expense for people to have to buy different clothes for work.
No; it is easier for a manager to address concerns with a staff member's appearance if there are clear standards.
No; individuals may find some styles of dress threatening or annoying making it much harder for staff and customers to work co-operatively to achieve desirable ends.
No; an employer can only try to persuade employees to communicate responsibly.
Yes; a confidentiality clause is a standard element of an employment contract.
Yes; in the future a good understanding of science will be more important than literature or language.
Yes; science has both theoretical and practical aspects.
No; children would put less energy into their lessons as they generally dislike learning science.
Yes; otherwise, it is not possible to accurately understand the needs of customers.
No; managers who spend their time in junior roles end up covertly observing their staff, thus undermining their relationships and credibility and so damaging their ability to effectively manage these people.
Yes; it will be clear to medical staff, employed by the state, where priorities should lie.
Yes; being required to live within our means is the only way to curb serious inflation, which in turn dilutes the purchasing power of our money and reduces employment.
Yes; it would be good for people to learn to make sacrifices and stop the needless waste brought about by our way of living.
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