Applied Chemistry (BS105)

Course Objectives:

There are numerous number materials used in fabricating and manufacturing devices for the comfort of life. The selection, characterization and suitability assessment of natural raw materials essentially requires principles and concepts of Applied Chemistry for technicians. On successful completion of this course content will enable technicians to understand, ascertain and analyse and properties of natural raw materials require for producing economical and eco-friendly finished products.

· Solve various engineering problems applying the basic knowledge of atomic structure and chemical bonding.

· Use relevant water treatment method to solve domestic and industrial problems.

· Solve the engineering problems using knowledge of engineering materials and properties.

· Use relevant fuel and lubricants for domestic and industrial applications

· Solve the engineering problems using concept of Electrochemistry and corrosion.

Instruction on question setting:

· Question paper contains three groups A, B and C. Unit 1 and unit 2 are included in group A, unit 3 and unit 4 in group B, unit 5 in group C.

· 20 (twenty) number of questions are of objective types consisting of all groups, each carrying 1 (one) mark.

· 5 (five) questions are to be answered taking at least one from each group (each question carries 8 marks).

Course Content:

· Unit 1: Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding and Solutions

Rutherford model of atom, Bohr's theory (expression of energy and radius to be omitted), and hydrogen spectrum explanation based on Bohr's model of atom, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, Quantum numbers - orbital concept. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity Aufbau rule, electronic configuration.

Type of chemical bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic and hydrogen bonds. Example of each type. Hybridization, sp^3, sp², sp, example: BeCl2, BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O; structure of diamond, graphite.

Solution - idea of solute, solvent and solution, methods to express the concentration of solution-

molarity (M = mole per liter), ppm, mass percentage, volume percentage and mole fraction.

· Unit 2: Water

Graphical presentation of water distribution on Earth (pie or bar diagram). Classification of soft and hard water based on soap test, salts causing water hardness, unit of hardness and simple numerical on water hardness.

Cause of poor lathering of soap in hard water, problems caused by the use of hard water in boiler (scale and sludge, foaming and priming, corrosion etc), and quantitative measurement of water hardness by ETDA method, total dissolved solids (TDS) alkalinity estimation.

1) Water softening techniques - soda lime process, zeolite process and ion exchange process.

2) Municipal water treatment (in brief only) - sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, sterilization.

Water for human consumption for drinking and cooking purposes from any water sources and enlist Indian standard specification of drinking water (collect data and understand standards).

· Unit 3: Engineering Materials

Natural occurrence of metals - minerals, ores of iron, aluminium and copper, gangue (matrix), flux, slag, metallurgy - brief account of general principles of metallurgy. Extraction of iron from haematite ore using blast furnace, aluminium from bauxite along with reactions, reactions during copper extraction. Alloys – definition, purposes of alloying, ferrous alloys and non-ferrous with suitable examples, properties and applications.

General chemical composition, composition based applications (elementary idea only details omitted): Port land cement and hardening, Glasses Refractory and Composite materials.

Polymers - monomer, homo and co polymers, degree of polymerization, simple reactions involved in preparation and their application of thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics (using PVC, PS, PTFE, nylon - 6, nylon - 66, Bakelite only), rubber and vulcanization of rubber.

· Unit 4: Chemistry of Fuels and Lubricants

Definition of fuel and combustion of fuel, classification of fuels, calorific values (HCV and LCV), calculation of HCV and LCV using Dulong's formula.

Proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of coal solid fuel petrol and diesel - fuel rating (octane and cetane numbers),

Chemical composition, calorific values and applications of LPG, CNG, water gas, coal gas, producer gas and biogas.

Lubrication - function and characteristic properties of good lubricant, classification with examples, lubrication mechanism - hydrodynamic and boundary lubrication, physical properties (viscosity and viscosity index, oiliness, flash and fire point, could and pour point only) and chemical properties (coke number, total acid number saponification value) of lubricants.

· Unit 5: Electro Chemistry

Electronic concept of oxidation, reduction and redox reactions.

Definition of terms: electrolytes, non-electrolytes with suitable examples, Faradays laws of electrolysis and simple numerical problems.

Elementary concept of pH and buffer. Industrial Application of Electrolysis –

• Electrometallurgy

• Electroplating

• Electrolytic refining.

Application of redox reactions in electrochemical cells –

• Primary cells - dry cell,

• Secondary cell - commercially used lead storage battery, fuel and Solar cells.

Introduction to Corrosion of metals –

• definition, types of corrosion (chemical and electrochemical), H2 liberation and O2 absorption mechanism of electrochemical corrosion, factors affecting rate of corrosion.

Internal corrosion preventive measures –

• Purification, alloying and heat treatment and

External corrosion preventive measures: a) metal (anodic, cathodic) coatings, b) organic inhibitors.

Suggested Sessional work:

• Unit 1: Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding and Solutions

Assignments: Writing electronic configuration of elements up to atomic number 30 (Z= 30). Numerical on molarity, ppm, mass percentage, volume percentage and mole fraction of given solution.

Seminar: 1. Quantum numbers,

2. Discuss the metallic properties such as malleability, ductility, hardness, high melting point, conductance of heat and electricity, magnetic properties of metals.

Projects: Model of molecules BeCl2, BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O

• Unit 2: Water

Assignments: Simple problems on hardness calculation.

Seminar: 1. Quality and quantity requirement of water in house and industry.

2. Quality of control measures of effluents (BOD & COD).

Projects: Collect water samples from different water sources and measure of hardness of water.

• Unit 3: Engineering Materials

Assignments: Preparation of table showing different ores of iron, copper and aluminium metals along with their chemical compositions and classify in to oxide sulphide halide ores.

Seminar: Discuss the chemical reactions taking place in Blast Furnace in extraction of iron; Reactions occurring during extraction of copper and aluminium metals.

Projects: Make table showing place of availability of different ores in India and show places on India map.

• Unit 4: Chemistry of Fuels and Lubricants

Assignments: Calculation of HCV and LCV of fuel using fuel composition in Dulong's formula.

Seminar: Chemical structure of fuel components influence on fuel rating.

Projects: Mapping of energy recourses in India. Collection of data of various lubricants available in the market.

• Unit 5: Electro Chemistry

Assignments: Simple problems on Faradays laws of electrolysis. Seminar: 1. Corrosion rate and units.

2. Corrosion preventions.

Projects: Mapping of area in India prone to corrosion. Collection of data of various electrochemical cells batteries used in equipment and devices and available in market. Visit to sites such as Railway station to watch corrosion area in railways and research establishment in and around the institution.

References/Suggested Learning Resources:

(a) Books:

1) Text Book of Chemistry for Class XI& XII (Part-I, Part-II); N.C.E.R.T., Delhi, 2017-18.

2) Agarwal, & Shikha, Engineering Chemistry, Cambridge University Press; New Delhi, 2015.

3) C.N. R. Rao, Understanding Chemistry, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2011.

4) S. S. Dara & S.S.Umare, Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand. Publication, New Delhi, New Delhi, 2015.

5) Jain & Jain, Engineering Chemistry, Dhanpat Rai and Sons; New Delhi, 2015.

6) S. Vairam, Engineering Chemistry, Wiley India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, 2013.

7) G. H. Hugar & A. N. Pathak, Applied Chemistry Laboratory Practices, Vol. l and Vol. II, NITTTR, Chandigarh, Publications, 2013-14.

8) Rajesh Agnihotri, Chemistry for Engineers, Wiley India Pvt.Ltd., 2014.

(b) Open source software and website address:

1) www.chemguide.co.uk/atommenu.html (Atomic structure and chemical bonding)

2) www.visionlearning.com (Atomic structure and chemical bonding)

3) wwwcheml.com (Atomic structure and chemical bonding)

4) https://www.wastewaterelearning.com/elearning/ (Water Treatment)

5) www.capital-refractories.com (Metals, Alloys, Cement, and Refractory Materials)

6) www.em-ea.org/guide%20books/book-2/2.1%20fuels%20and%20combustion.pdf (Fuel and Combustion)

7) www.chemcollective.org (Metals, Alloys)

8) www.wqa.org(Water Treatment)

Applied Chemistry Lab

Course Code

:

BS109

Course Title

:

Applied Chemistry Lab

Number of Credits

:

1 (L: 0, T: 0, P: 2)

Prerequisites

:

NIL

Course Category

:

BS

Course Objectives:

There are numerous number of materials used in fabricating and manufacturing devices for the comfort of life. The selection, characterization and suitability assessment of natural raw materials essentially requires principles and concepts of Applied Chemistry for technicians. The course aims to supplement the factual knowledge gained in the lectures by first hand manipulation of processes and apparatus. This will develop scientific temper and help to apply the basic concepts and principles in solving engineering problems.

LIST OF PRACTICALS:

Perform any 12 (twelve) Laboratory Practicals:

Volumetric and Gravimetric analysis.

1. Preparation of standard oxalic acid and standard potassium dichromate solution.

2. To determine strength of given sodium hydroxide solution by titrating against standard oxalic acid solution and phenolphthalein as indicator.

3. Standardization of potassium permanganate solution using standard oxalic acid and determination of percentage of iron present in given Hematite ore by KMnO4 solution

4. a) Standardization of sodium thiosulphate using standard potassium dichromate solution by IODOMETRY.

b) Iodometric estimation of copper in copper pyrite ore.

5. Volumetric estimation of total acid number (TAN) of given oil.

6. Volumetric estimation of

a. Total hardness of given water sample using standard EDTA solution.

b. Alkalinity of given water sample using 0.01N sulphuric acid.

7. Proximate analysis of coal

a. Gravimetric estimation moisture in given coal sample.

b. Gravimetric estimation ash in given coal sample

Instrumental analysis

8. Determine the conductivity of given water sample.

9. Determination of the Iron content in given cement sample using colorimeter.

10. Determination of viscosity of lubricating oil using Redwood viscometer.

11. Determination of flash and fire point of lubricating oil using Able's flash point apparatus.

12. To verify the first law of electrolysis of copper sulfate using copper electrode.

13. Construction and measurement of emf of electrochemical cell (Daniel cell).

14. To study the effect of dissimilar metal combination on cell emf.

15. To apply thin layer chromatography for separation of mixture of inorganic/organic compounds.

16. Qualitative detection of ARSENIC in a given sample of water (~5 ppm solution of sodium arsenite)

17. Determination of dissolved oxygen in a sample of water.

18. Determination of pH value of unknown solution.

Reference book

VOGELS INORGANIC QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS.

Members present in Syllabus Committee:

1. Dr. Ujjval Kumar Bhattacharyya (convener, lecturer, North Calcutta Polytechnic).

2. Dr. Gandhi Kumar Kar (Professor and head of the Dept. of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata)

3. Dr. Shyamal Kumar Chattopadhyay (Professor IIEST, Shibpur).

4. Dr. Mrinal Kanti Bain, lecturer, Calcutta Technical School.

5. Dr. Dipankar Maity, lecturer, Birla Institute of Technology.

6. Dr. Ranjal Paul, Sr. Manager, Sun Pharmaceuticals Baroda.

7. Prolay Roy, lecturer, Memari Government Polytechnic.

To download the syllabus click here