Feedback
Cao, J., Zhao, C. Q., Chen, X., Wang, S., Schunn, C., Koedinger, K. R., & Lin, J. (2025). From First Draft to Final Insight: A Multi-Agent Approach for Feedback Generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.04869.
Zhao, C. Q., Cao, J., Chen, E., Koedinger, K. R., & Lin, J. (2025). SlideItRight: Using AI to Find Relevant Slides and Provide Feedback for Open-Ended Questions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.04584.
Automatic evaluation
Li, S., Yi, K., Cao, J., Li, T., He, Y., & Ding, G. (2025). A novel approach to measuring creative analogical fluency in Chinese using advanced language models. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 57, 101826.
Cao, J., Fang, Z., & Yu, S. (2023, July). Automatic evaluation of Chinese short-answer questions based on Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes taxonomy. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT) (pp. 315-317). IEEE.
Multi-agents in education
Yu, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang-li, D., Tu, S., Hao, Z., Li, R. M., ... Cao, J, ... & Sun, M. (2024). From mooc to maic: Reshaping online teaching and learning through llm-driven agents. arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.03512.
Zhang, Z., Zhang-Li, D., Yu, J., Gong, L., Zhou, J., Hao, Z., ... Cao, J, ...& Li, J. (2024). Simulating classroom education with llm-empowered agents. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.19226.
Digital literacy
Luo, J., Cao, J., Chan, K., & Yeung, P. S. (2025). Examining the Effects of Digital Academic Reading Among University Students: An Integrated Framework of Three-Level Digital Divide and Executive Function. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 1-10.
Luo, J., Cao, J., & Chen, J. (2025). Towards a model for primary students’ behavioral intention to learn AI: programming ability, AI literacy and ethics as three fundamental pillars. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-15.
Luo, J., Cao, J., Yeung, P. S., Ng, J., & Sun, M. (2024). Mindfulness and growth mindset as protective factors for the impact of media multitasking on academic performance: The mediating role of self-control. Education and Information Technologies, 1-18.
CSCL and Online learning
Cao, J., Li, Z., Zheng, Y., & Ma, N. (2023, April). Does Taking Collaborative Notes Really Help? A Comparative Analysis of Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Learning. In 2023 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Technologies in Education (CSTE) (pp. 159-164). IEEE.
Wang, R., Cao, J., Xu, Y., & Li, Y. (2022, December). Learning engagement in massive open online courses: A systematic review. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 7, p. 1074435). Frontiers Media SA.