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"Silk (string) and bamboo (wind) music"
(Dujunco, 2023) [1]
Origins:
Origins:
Couple theories [2]:
Couple theories [2]:
evolved from instrumental ensemble that accompanied kunqu (崑曲) opera
evolved from shifan luogu (十番鑼鼓) —a form of gong and drum ensemble music prevalant in this region since the Ming period
initially popularized among urban literati -> amateur musicians
Main Instruments in the Ensemble [3]
Main Instruments in the Ensemble [3]
di (笛)
di (笛)
(side-blown bamboo flute)
(side-blown bamboo flute)
piece of bamboo with six finger holes—known for nasal timbre caused by vibrating membrane between embouchure hole and first finger hole.
Range of 2.5 octaves
ornaments: mordents, trills
xiao (簫)
xiao (簫)
(end-blown bamboo flute)
(end-blown bamboo flute)
erhu (二胡)
erhu (二胡)
(bowed fiddle)
two-stringed bowed instrument often tuned to a 5th (but can vary)
bow placed between two strings
ornaments: glissando
pipa (琵琶)
pipa (琵琶)
(four-stringed fretted lute)
(four-stringed fretted lute)
held upright and played with finger picks
can be used to set tempo if needed
yangqin (扬琴)
yangqin (扬琴)
(hammered dulcimer)
(hammered dulcimer)
can have multiple rows and strings to increase volume and range
can also have sustaining pedals
strike the strings with bamboo strikers
percussion instruments
percussion instruments
ban 板鼓 (hand-held clapper), woodblock
ban 板鼓 (hand-held clapper), woodblock
keep tempo
[1] Mercedes Dujunco, "Jiangna Sizhu in the Greater Suzhou Area," in The Oxford Handbook of Music in China and the Chinese Diaspora, ed. Johnathan P. J. Stock and Yu Hui. (Oxford Univ Press, 2023), 202.
[2] ibid, 202-203
[3] Frederick Lau, Music in China: experiencing music, expressing culture. (Oxford University Press, 2008), 4-14.
[2] ibid, 202-203
[3] Frederick Lau, Music in China: experiencing music, expressing culture. (Oxford University Press, 2008), 4-14.
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