The conventional divisions of the ancient Jewish people were the Tribes of Israel. According to biblical tradition, Jacob was given the name "Israel" by God, and the twelve tribes of Israel are descended from Jacob through his sons and grandchildren.

The twelve Jewish Tribes are:

• Reuben.

• Simeon

• Judah

• Issachar

• Zebulun

• Benjamin

• Dan

• Napthali

• Gad

• Asher

• Ephraim

• Manasseh

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If there were several cultic sites, would all twelve tribes have been focused around a single Amphictyonic site? It's possible that when a tribe's ties to the amphictyony deteriorated due to various factors, the tribe started to worship at one or more of the locations. Distinct places may cater to the various tribes' subgroups. For instance, the southern tribes were serviced by Beer-Sheba and Hebron, the central tribes by Shechem, Shiloh, and Gilgal, and the northern tribes by the shrine at Dan. The potential of numerous shrines is increased by the separation of the southern and central tribes by Canaanite settlement groups, as well as the division of the central tribes from those in Galilee.

The biblical genealogies reflect the changes that took place in the twelve tribes' organizational structure and relative power. Four matriarchs gave rise to the tribes; eight of them were brides like Leah and Rachel, and four were handmaids like Bilhah and Zilpah. It is usually believed that the two wives' allocation to the "tribes of Leah" and "tribes of Rachel" represents an early stage of tribal organization. Four tribes being attributed to handmaids can signify a degraded rank or a tardy arrival into the confederation. Reuben stands out as the firstborn in the list of the twelve tribes, followed by Simeon, Levi, and Judah, the sons of Leah, who have important places.

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Reuben had a key role among his allies and presided over a tribal league as its leader. The same tribe, however, remains passive during the time of the Judges; it did not provide any judges, and Reuben "sat among the sheepfolds" and provided no assistance during Deborah's struggle against Sisera. Perhaps this tribe's connections to the other tribes were weakened, and its ongoing status as one of Israel's tribes was at risk since it lived on the periphery of the land.

Judah incorporated Simeon into himself. Levi's sacrificial responsibilities caused it to spread across Israel. A Canaanite land strip that divided the highlands of Judah and Ephraim kept Judah isolated from the other tribes. The house of Joseph, which was pivotal and historically significant during the settlement and Judges eras, replaced Reuben as the leader of the twelve tribes. Joshua originated in the Ephraim tribe. The boundaries of the Josephite household included Shechem and Shiloh. Samuel originated among the Ephraimite hills. Due to the concubine event at Gibeah, Ephraim led the tribes in a fight against Benjamin. Judah took over as monarch at the start of the Monarchy.

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