Publications

Polarization and Democracy

“Democratic Backsliding in the United States,” with Sarah “Dot” Sawler. In Jamie L. Carson, and Ryan D. Williamson, eds., Contemporary Issues in American Politics: Understanding Democracy in the Twenty-First Century. Berlin, Germany: DeGruyter, Forthcoming.

“Competitive Information Environments and Support for Undemocratic Actions.” Proceedings of the British Academy. Forthcoming.

“Depression, Populism, and Presidential Approval,” Matthew A. Baum, Katherine Ognyanova, David Lazer, and Roy H. Perlis, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 37: edaf050, 2025. link

“Information from Social Ties Predicts Conspiracy Beliefs: Evidence from the Attempted Assassination of Donald Trump,” with Katherine Ognyanova, Jonathan Schulman, Matthew A. Baum, Roy H. Perlis, and David Lazer, PNAS Nexus 4: pgaf193, 2025. link

“Liberals and Conservatives Share Political Content Differently on Social Media,” with Ho-Chun Herbert Chang, Emilio Ferrara, and Robb Willer, PNAS Nexus 4: pgaf206, 2025. link

“Personalizing LLM Responses to Combat Political Misinformation,” with Adiba Proma, Neeley Pate, Gourab Ghoshal and Ehsan Hoque, Proceedings of the 33rd ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, 2025. 

 
“Megastudy Testing 25 Treatments to Reduce Anti-democratic Attitudes and Partisan Animosity,” with Jan G. Voelkel, Michael N. Stagnaro, James Y. Chu, …, David G. Rand, and Robb Willer, Science 386: eadh4764, 2024. link

 “Why Partisans Feel Hated: Distinct Static and Dynamic Relationships with Animosity Meta-Perceptions,” with Jeffrey Lees, and Mina Cikara, PNAS Nexus 3(10): pgae324, 2024. link

“Illusory Interparty Disagreement: Partisans Agree On What Hate Speech To Censor But Do Not Know It,” with Brittany C. Solomon, Matthew E. K. Hall, and Abigail Hemmen, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121(39): e2402428121, 2024. link

“Misperceptions, Depression, and Voting for Election Deniers in the United States,” with Matthew A. Baum, Katherine Ognyanova, and Jonathan Schulman, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 2024. link

Partisan Hostility and American Democracy: Explaining Political Divides, with Samara Klar, Yanna Krupnikov, Matthew Levendusky, and John Barry Ryan, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2024. link

 “Need for Chaos and Dehumanization Are Robustly Associated with Support for Partisan Violence, While Political Measures Are Not,” with Alexander P. Landry, and Robb Willer, Political Behavior 46: 2631-2655, 2024. link

“Guns and Democracy: Anti-System Attitudes, Protest, and Support for Violence Among  Pandemic Gun-Buyers,” with Matthew D. Simonson, Matthew J. Lacombe, and Jon Green, Political Research Quarterly 77(3): 962-977, 2024. link

“Does Affective Polarization Contribute to Democratic Backsliding in America?,” with Donald P. Green, and Shanto Iyengar, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 708: 137-163, 2024. link

“How to Study Democratic Backsliding,” Advances in Political Psychology 45(Suppl. 1): 3-42, 2024. link

“Norm-Violating Rhetoric Undermines Support for Participatory Inclusiveness and Political Equality Among Trump Supporters,” with Matthew E. K. Hall, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 120(40): e2311005120, 2023. link

“Correcting Misperceptions of the Other Political Party Does Not Robustly Reduce Support for Undemocratic Practices or Partisan Violence,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 120(37): e2308938120, 2023. link

“Correcting Misperceptions of Out-partisans Decreases American Legislators’ Support for Undemocratic Practices,” with Suji Kang, James Chu, Michael N. Stagnaro, Jan G. Voelkel, Joseph S. Mernyk, Sophia L. Pink, Chrystal Redekopp, David G. Rand, and Robb Willer, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 120(23): e2301836120, 2023. link

“Interventions Reducing Affective Polarization Do Not Necessarily Improve Anti-Democratic Attitudes,” with Jan G. Voelkel, James Chu, Michael N. Stagnaro, Joseph S. Mernyk, Chrystal Redekopp, Sophia L. Pink, David G. Rand, and Robb Willer, Nature Human Behavior 7: 55-64, 2023. link

“Affective Polarization in the American Public,” with Jeremy Levy, in Thomas J. Rudolph, ed., Handbook of Politics and Public Opinion,  Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.,  2022. link

“Cognitive–Motivational Mechanisms of Political Polarization in Social-Communicative Contexts,” with John T. Jost, and Delia S. Baldassarri, Nature Reviews Psychology, 2022. link

“Affective Polarization Did Not Increase During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” with Levi Boxell, Jacob Conway, Matthew Gentzkow, Quarterly Journal of Political Science 17: 491-512, 2022. link

“(Mis-)Estimating Affective Polarization,” with Samara Klar, Yanna Krupnikov, Matthew Levendusky, and John Barry Ryan, The Journal of Politics 84: 1106-1117, 2022. link

“Correcting Inaccurate Metaperceptions Reduces Americans’ Support for Partisan Violence,” with Joseph S. Mernyk, Sophia L. Pink, and Robb Willer, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 119(16): e2116851119, 2022. link

“How Affective Polarization Undermines Support for Democratic Norms,” with Jon Kingzette, Samara Klar, Yanna Krupnikov, Matthew Levendusky, and John Barry Ryan, Public Opinion Quarterly 85: 663-677, 2021. link

“How Affective Polarization Shapes Americans’ Political Beliefs: A Study of Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic,” with Samara Klar, Yanna Krupnikov, Matthew Levendusky, and John Barry Ryan, Journal of Experimental Political Science 8: 223-234, 2021. link

“Affective Polarization, Local Contexts, and Public Opinion in America,” with Samara Klar, Yanna Krupnikov, Matthew Levendusky and John Barry Ryan, Nature Human Behavior 5: 28-38, 2021. link

“Political Sectarianism in America: A Poisonous Cocktail of Othering, Aversion, and Moralization,” with Eli J. Finkel, Christopher A. Bail, Mina Cikara, Peter H. Ditto, Shanto Iyengar, Samara Klar, Lilliana Mason, Mary C. McGrath, Brendan Nyhan, David G. Rand, Linda J. Skitka, Joshua A. Tucker, Jay J. Van Bavel, and Cynthia S. Wang, Science 370: 533-536, 2020. link

“What Do We Measure When We Measure Affective Polarization?,” with Matthew S. Levendusky, Public Opinion Quarterly 83: 114-122, 2019. link

“How Incivility On Partisan Media (De-)Polarizes the Electorate,” with S.R. Gubitz, Matthew S. Levendusky, and Ashley Lloyd, The Journal of Politics 81: 291-295, 2019. link

“No Need to Watch: How the Effects of Partisan Media Can Spread via Inter-Personal Discussions,” with Matthew S. Levendusky, and Audrey McLain, American Journal of Political Science 62: 99-112, 2018.

“How Elite Partisan Polarization Affects Public Opinion Formation,” with Erik Peterson, and Rune Slothuus, American Political Science Review 107: 57-79, 2013. link

Gender / Race

"Critical Race Theory and COVID-19 Vaccination: An Experimental Test of Interest Convergence,” with Sophie Trawalter and Kyshia Henderson, Journal of Social Issues 80: 778-800, 2024. link

“Divisive or Descriptive?: How Americans Understand Critical Race Theory,” with Alauna Safarpour, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Jon Green, Caroline High Pippert, and Jennifer Lin, Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 9, 157-181, 2024. link

Black Networks Matter: The Role of Interracial Contact and Social Media in the 2020 Black Lives Matter Protests, with Matthew D. Simonson, Ray Block Jr., Katherine Ognyanova, and David Lazer, New York: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge Elements series in Contentious Politics), 2024. link

Equality Unfulfilled: How Title IX's Policy Design Undermines Change to College Sports, with Elizabeth A. Sharrow, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2023. link

“Racial Bias in Perceptions of Disease and Policy,” with Sophie Trawalter and Nana-Bilkisu Habib, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 26: 321-337, 2023. link

“Bias in Education Disability Accommodations,” with Jeremy Levy, and Natalie Sands, Economics of Education Review 85: 102176, 2021. link

“The Role of Race, Religion, and Partisanship in Misperceptions about COVID-19,” with Katherine Ognyanova, Matthew A. Baum, David Lazer, Roy H. Perlis, John Della Volpe, Mauricio Santillana, Hanyu Chwe, Alexi Quintana, and Matthew Simonson, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 24: 638-657, 2021. link

“Public Opinion, Crisis, and Vulnerable Populations: The Case of Title IX and COVID-19,” with Elizabeth A. Sharrow, Politics & Gender 16: 1084-1092, 2020. link

“The Intersection of Racial and Partisan Discrimination: Evidence from a Correspondence Study of Four-Year Colleges,” with Richard M. Shafranek, The Journal of Politics 82: 1602-1606, 2020. link

“Political Protesting, Race, and College Athletics:  Why Diversity Among Coaches Matters,” with Adam J. Howat, and Jacob E. Rothschild, Social Science Quarterly 100: 1009-1022, 2019. link

“Unbiased?: Race, Gender, and Sport Effects in University Medical Staff’s Perceptions of Injured Student-Athletes,” with Sophie Trawalter, and Ivonne Montes, Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education 13: 1-10, 2019. link

“Playing with Pain: Social Class and Pain Reporting among College Student-Athletes,” with Jacob E. Rothschild, The Sport Journal 21: 1-15, 2018. link

“Racial Bias in Sport Medical Staff’s Perceptions of Others’ Pain,” with Sophie Trawalter, Ivonne Montes, Alexandria Fredendall, Noah Kanter, and Allison Paige Rubenstein, The Journal of Social Psychology 158: 721-729, 2018. link

“Gender Policy Feedback: Perceptions of Sex Equity, Title IX, and Political Mobilization Among College Athletes,” with Jacob E. Rothschild, and Elizabeth A. Sharrow, Political Research Quarterly 71: 642-653, 2018. link

“The Influence of Race on Attitudes about College Athletics,” with Adam J. Howat, and Andrew Rodheim, Sport in Society 19: 1020-1039, 2016. link

“Athlete Support for Title IX,” with Mauro Gilli, Samara Klar, and Joshua Robison, The Sport Journal, 2014. link

Methodology and Epistemology 

“An Audit of Population-Based Survey Experiments,” with Tamkinat Rauf, Jeremy Freese, and Jan G. Voelkel, Public Opinion Quarterly, Forthcoming. 

“Representativeness and Response Validity Across Nine Opt-In Online Samples,” with Michael. N. Stagnaro, Adam J. Berinsky, Antonio A. Arechar, Robb Willer, and David G. Rand, Nature Human Behavior, Forthcoming.

“Investigating the Replicability of the Social and Behavioral Sciences,” with Andrew H. Tyner, Anna Lou Abatayo, Mason Daley, … , Brian A. Nosek, and Timothy M. Errington, Nature, Forthcoming.

“Reference Guide on Survey Research,” with Shari Seidman Diamond, and Matthew Kugler, In Committee on Science for Judges, eds., Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, 4th Edition, Washington D.C.: National Academies Press, Forthcoming.

“Opportunities in Political Psychology: Heterogeneities in Theory, Methodologies, and the Production of Knowledge,” In Ethan C. Busby, Christopher K. Karpowitz, and Cara J. Wong, eds., Handbook of Innovations in Political Psychology, Forthcoming.

“The File Drawer Problem in Social Science Survey Experiments,” with Philip Moniz, and Jeremy Freese, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 122: e2426937122, 2025. link

“A Synthesis of Evidence for Policy from Behavioral Science During COVID-19,” with Kai Ruggeri, Friederike Stock, S. Alexander Haslam, …, Robb Willer, Nature 625, 134-147, 2024. link

“How to Design and Conduct a Megastudy,” with Jan G. Voelkel, James Y. Chu, Michael N. Stagnaro, and Robb Willer, Nature Human Behavior 8: 2257-2260, 2024. link

“Academics Are More Specific, and Practitioners More Sensitive, in Forecasting Interventions to Strengthen Democratic Attitudes,” with James Y. Chu, Jan G. Voelkel, Michael N. Stagnaro, Suji Kang, James N. Druckman, David G. Rand, and Robb Willer, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 121(3): e2307008121, 2024. link

Experimental Thinking: A Primer on Social Science Experiments, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022. link

“Studying Science Inequities: How to Use Surveys to Study Diverse Populations,” with Robin Bayes, and Alauna C. Safarpour, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 700: 220-233, 2022. link

“A New Era of Experimental Political Science,” with Donald P. Green, in James N. Druckman, and Donald P. Green, eds., Advances in Experimental Political Science, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021. link

Advances in Experimental Political Science, edited with Donald P. Green, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021. link

“Publication Biases in Replication Studies,” with Adam J. Berinsky, and Teppei Yamamoto, Political Analysis 29: 370-384, 2021. link

“Using Social and Behavioral Science to Support COVID-19 Pandemic Response,” with Jay J. van Bavel, Katherine Baicker, Paulo S. Boggio, …, Robb Willer, Nature Human Behavior 4: 460-471, 2020.

“The Democratic Dilemma Then and Now,” PS: Political Science & Politics 52: 625-629, 2019. link

“An Audit of Political Behavior Research,” with Joshua Robison, Randy T. Stevenson, Simon Jackman, Jonathan N. Katz, and Lynn Vavreck, SAGE Open 8: 1-14, 2018. link

“Graduate Advising in Experimental Research Groups,” with Adam J. Howat, and Kevin J. Mullinix, PS: Political Science & Politics 51: 620-624, 2018. link

“The Demographic and Political Composition of Mechanical Turk Samples,” with Kevin E. Levay, and Jeremy Freese, SAGE Open 6: 1-17, 2016. link

“Research and Undergraduate Teaching:  A False Divide?,” PS: Political Science & Politics

48: 35-38, 2015. link

“The Generalizability of Survey Experiments,” with Kevin J. Mullinix, Thomas J. Leeper, and Jeremy Freese, Journal of Experimental Political Science 2: 109-138, 2015. link

“Measuring Drug and Alcohol Use Among College Student-Athletes,” with Mauro Gilli, Samara Klar, and Joshua Robison, Social Science Quarterly 96: 369-380, 2015. link

“Merging Research and Undergraduate Teaching in Political Behavior Research,” PS: Political Science & Politics 48: 53-57, 2015. link

“Learning More from Political Communication Experiments:  Pretreatment and Its Effects,” with Thomas J. Leeper, American Journal of Political Science 56: 875-896, 2012. link

“Experimenting with Politics,” with Arthur Lupia, Science 335:  1177-1179, 2012. link

Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, edited with Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. link

“Students as Experimental Participants: A Defense of the ‘Narrow Data Base,’” with Cindy D. Kam, in James N. Druckman, Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia, eds., Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. link

“Experiments: An Introduction to Core Concepts,” with Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia, in James N. Druckman, Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia, eds., Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. link

“Experimentation in Political Science,” with Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia, in James N. Druckman, Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia, eds., Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. link

“The Unmet Potential of Interdisciplinary Research:  Political Psychological Approaches to Voting and Public Opinion,” with James H. Kuklinski, and Lee Sigelman, Political Behavior 31:  485-510, 2009. link

“The Growth and Development of Experimental Research Political Science,” with Donald P. Green, James H. Kuklinski, and Arthur Lupia, American Political Science Review 100: 627-635, 2006. link

“Experiments” in Samuel J. Best and Benjamin Radcliff, eds., Polling America:  An Encyclopedia of Public Opinion, Volume 1, pages 209-214.  Westport, CT:  Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005.

Political Communication and Preferences

“Unraveling a ‘Cancel Culture’ Dynamic: When, Why, and Which Americans Sanction Offensive Speech,” with Nicholas C. Dias, and Matthew S. Levendusky, The Journal of Politics, Forthcoming.

“Persuasive Political Targeting: A Remarkably Understudied Dynamic,” In Richard E. Petty, Andrew Luttrell, and Jacob D. Teeny, eds., The Handbook of Personalized Persuasion: Theory and Application. New York: Taylor & Francis/Routledge, Forthcoming.

“A Framework for the Study of Persuasion,” Annual Review of Political Science 25: 65-88, 2022. link

“Elite Party Cues Increase Vaccination Intentions among Republicans,” with Sophia L. Pink, James Chu, David G. Rand, and Robb Willer, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118: e2106559118, 2021. link

“The Crisis of Democracy and the Science of Deliberation,” with John S. Dryzek, André Bächtiger, Simone Chambers, Joshua Cohen, Andrea Fellicetti, James S. Fishkin, David M. Farrell, Archon Fung, Amy Gutmann, Hélène Landemore, Jane Mansbridge, Sofie Marien, Michael A. Neblo, Simon Niemeyer, Maija Setälä, Rune Slothuus, Jane Suiter, Dennis Thompson, and Mark Warren, Science 363: 1144-1146, 2019. link

“Political Dynamics of Framing,” with S.R. Gubitz, Samara Klar and Joshua Robison, in Travis N. Ridout, ed., New Directions in Media and Politics 2nd Edition, New York:  Routledge. 2018. (Updated chapter from 1st Edition.)

“Motivated Responses to Political Communications: Framing, Party Cues, and Science Information,” with Thomas J. Leeper, and Rune Slothuus, in Howard G. Lavine, and Charles S. Taber, eds., The Feeling, Thinking Citizen: Essays in Honor of Milton Lodge, New York: Routledge. 2018. link

“Studying Framing Effects on Political Preferences: Existing Research and Lingering Questions,” with Ethan C. Busby, and D.J. Flynn, in Paul D’Angelo, ed., Doing News Framing Analysis II, New York: Routledge. 2018.

“Football and Public Opinion: A Partial Replication and Extension,” with Ethan C. Busby, Journal of Experimental Political Science 5: 4-10, 2018. link

“Do Disagreeable Political Discussion Networks Undermine Attitude Strength?,” with Joshua Robison, and Thomas J. Leeper, Political Psychology 39: 479-494, 2018. link

“The Political Relevance of Irrelevant Events,” with Ethan C. Busby, and Alexandria Fredendall, The Journal of Politics 79: 346-350, 2017. link

“Preference Change in Competitive Political Environments,” with Arthur Lupia, Annual Review of Political Science 19: 13-31, 2016. link

“How Group Discussions Create Strong Attitudes and Strong Partisans,” with Matthew S. Levendusky, and Audrey McLain, Research and Politics 3: 1-6, 2016. link

“The Role of Social Context in Shaping Student-Athlete Opinions,” with Mauro Gilli, Samara Klar, and Joshua Robison, PLoS ONE 9: e115159. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115159, 2014. link

“Pathologies of Studying Public Opinion, Political Communication, and Democratic Responsiveness,” Political Communication 31: 467-492, 2014. link

“The Influence of Partisan Motivated Reasoning on Public Opinion,” with Toby Bolsen, and Fay Lomax Cook, Political Behavior 36: 235-262, 2014. link

“Mobilizing Group Membership:  The Impact of Personalization and Social Pressure E-mails,” with Donald P. Green, SAGE Open 3: 1-6, 2013. link

“Counter-Framing Effects,” with Dennis Chong, The Journal of Politics 75: 1-16, 2013. link

“Political Dynamics of Framing,” with Samara Klar and Joshua Robison, in Travis N. Ridout, ed., New Directions in Media and Politics, New York:  Routledge, 2013.

“Is Public Opinion Stable?:  Resolving the Micro/Macro Disconnect in Studies of Public Opinion,” with Thomas J. Leeper, Daedalus 141: 50-68, 2012. link

“The Politics of Motivation,” Critical Review:  A Journal of Politics and Society 24: 199-216, 2012. link

“A Source of Bias in Public Opinion Stability,” with Jordan Fein, and Thomas J. Leeper, American Political Science Review 106:  430-454, 2012. link

“Media Effects in Politics,” in Rick Valelly, eds., Oxford Bibliographies Online: Political Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. link

“Dynamics in Mass Communication Effects Research,” with Dennis Chong, in Holli A. Semetko and Maggie Scammell, eds., The Sage Handbook of Political Communication. Los Angeles, CA:  Sage Publications, 2012.

“Public-Elite Interactions:  Puzzles in Search of Researchers,” with Dennis Chong, in Robert Y. Shapiro and Lawrence R. Jacobs, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the American Public Opinion and the Media.  Oxford:  Oxford University Press, 2011. link

“What’s It All About?:  Framing in Political Science,” in Gideon Keren, ed., Perspectives on Framing. New York:  Psychology Press / Taylor & Francis, 2011. link

“Identifying Frames in Political News,” with Dennis Chong, in Erik P. Bucy and R. Lance Holbert, eds., Sourcebook for Political Communication Research:  Methods, Measures, and Analytical Techniques, New York:  Routledge, 2011. link

“Competing Frames in a Political Campaign,” in Brian F. Schaffner and Patrick J. Sellers, eds., Winning with Words:  The Origins and Impact of Framing, pages 101-120. New York: Routledge, 2010. link

“Dynamic Public Opinion:  Communication Effects Over Time,” with Dennis Chong, American Political Science Review 104: 663-680, 2010. link

“Competing Rhetoric Over Time:  Frames Versus Cues,” with Cari Lynn Hennessy, Kristi St. Charles, and Jonathan Weber, The Journal of Politics 72:  136-148, 2010.

“Emotion and the Framing of Risky Choice,” with Rose McDermott, Political Behavior 30:  297-321, 2008. link

“Campaign Mixed-Message Flows and Timing of Vote Decision,” with Lilach Nir, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 20:  326-346, 2008. link

“Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies,” with Dennis Chong, American Political Science Review 101:  637-655, 2007. link

“Public Opinion Research and Support for the Iraq War,” with Adam J. Berinsky, Public Opinion Quarterly 71:  126-141, 2007. link

“A Theory of Framing and Opinion Formation in Competitive Elite Environments,” with Dennis Chong, Journal of Communication 57:  99-118, 2007. link

“Framing Theory,” with Dennis Chong, Annual Review of Political Science 10:  103-126, 2007. link

“Mind, Will, and Choice:  Lessons From Experiments in Contextual Variation,” with Arthur Lupia, in Robert E. Goodin and Charles Tilly, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis, pages 97-113.  Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. link

“Media Matter:  How Newspapers and Television News Cover Campaigns and Influence Voters,” Political Communication 22:  463-481, 2005. link

“The Impact of Media Bias:  How Editorial Slant Affects Voters,” with Michael Parkin, The Journal of Politics 67:  1030-1049, 2005. link

“Does Political Information Matter?,” Political Communication 22:  515-519, 2005. link

“Framing” in Samuel J. Best and Benjamin Radcliff, eds., Polling America:  An Encyclopedia of Public Opinion, Volume 1, pages 253-258.  Westport, CT:  Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005.

“Political Preference Formation:  Competition, Deliberation, and the (Ir)relevance of Framing Effects,” American Political Science Review 98: 671-686, 2004. link

“Does Presidential Rhetoric Matter?:  Priming and Presidential Approval,” with Justin W. Holmes, Presidential Studies Quarterly 34: 755-778, 2004. link

“Priming the Vote:  Campaign Effects in a US Senate Election,” Political Psychology 25: 577-594, 2004. link

“The Political Psychology of Electoral Campaigns:  Introduction to the Symposium,” with Joanne M. Miller, Political Psychology 25:  501-506, 2004. link

“Framing and Deliberation:  How Citizens’ Conversations Limit Elite Influence,” with Kjersten R. Nelson, American Journal of Political Science 47: 729-745, 2003. link

“The Power of Television Images:  The First Kennedy-Nixon Debate Revisited,” The Journal of Politics 65: 559-571, 2003. link

“When Can a News Organization Lead Public Opinion?:  Ideology versus Market Forces in Decisions to Make News,” with Gregory L. Bovitz, and Arthur Lupia, Public Choice 113: 127-155, 2002. link

“Evaluating Framing Effects,” Journal of Economic Psychology 22: 91-101, 2001. link

“The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence,” Political Behavior 23: 225-256, 2001. link

“Using Credible Advice to Overcome Framing Effects,” The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization 17: 62-82, 2001. link

“On The Limits Of Framing Effects:  Who Can Frame?,” The Journal of Politics 63: 1041-1066, 2001. link

“Preference Formation,” with Arthur Lupia, Annual Review of Political Science 3:  1-24, 2000. link

Science Communications and Preferences 

“Motivated Reasoning and Political Polarization in Opinions about Extreme Weather and Climate Change,” with Robin Bayes, and Daniel C. Molden. In Madalina Vlasceanu, and Sander L. van der Linden, eds., The Psychological Foundations of Climate Solutions, New York: Cambridge University Press, Forthcoming. 

“Representation in Science and Trust in Scientists in the United States,” with Katherine Ognyanova, Alauna Safarpour, Jonathan Schulman, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Ata Aydin Uslu, Jon Green, Matthew A. Baum, Alexi Quintana Mathé, Hong Qu, Roy H. Perlis, and David M.J. Lazer, Nature Human Behavior, Forthcoming.

“Continuity and Change in Trust in Scientists in the United States: Demographic Stability and Partisan Polarization,” with Jonathan Schulman, Alauna Safarpour, Matthew A. Baum, Katherine Ognyanova, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Alexi Quintana Mathé, Hong Qu, Ata Aydin Uslu, Roy H. Perlis, David M.J. Lazer, Public Opinion Quarterly, Forthcoming.

“An Agenda for Science Communication Research and Practice,” with Kirsten Ellenbogen, Dietram A. Scheufele, and Itzhak Yanovitzky, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 122: e2400932122, 2025. link

“Partisan Polarization and Climate Action,” Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 65: 101587, 2025. link

“Party Polarization and COVID-19,” with Jennifer Lin, in Monica K. Miller, ed., The Social Science of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action for Researchers, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2024. link

“Using General Messages to Persuade on a Politicized Scientific Issue,” with Jon Green, Matthew A. Baum, David Lazer, Katherine Ognyanova, Matthew Simonson, Jennifer Lin, Mauricio Santillana, and Roy H. Perlis, British Journal of Political Science 53: 698-706, 2023. link

“A Research Agenda for Climate Change Communication and Public Opinion: The Role of Scientific Consensus Messaging and Beyond,” with Robin Bayes and Toby Bolsen, Environmental Communication 17: 16-34, 2023. link

“Introduction to Threats to Science: Politicization, Misinformation, and Inequalities,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 700: 8-24, 2022. link

“A Motivational Systems Approach to Investigating Opinions on Climate Change,” with Daniel C. Molden, and Robin Bayes, Thinking & Reasoning 28: 396-427, 2022. link

“Science and the Politics of Misinformation,” with Jeremy Levy, Robin Bayes, and Toby Bolsen, in Howard Tumber and Silvio Waisbord, The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism. New York: Routledge, 2021. link

“Motivated Reasoning and Climate Change,” with Robin Bayes, Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 42: 27–35, 2021. link

“When and How Different Motives Can Drive Motivated Political Reasoning,” with Robin Bayes, Avery Goods, Daniel C. Molden, Political Psychology 41: 1031-1052, 2020. link

“The Evidence for Motivated Reasoning In Climate Change Preference Formation,” with Mary C. McGrath, Nature Climate Change 9: 111-119, 2019. link

“Validating Conspiracy Beliefs and Effectively Communicating Scientific Consensus,” with Toby Bolsen, Weather, Climate, and Society 10: 453-458, 2018. link

“Do Partisanship and Politicization Undermine the Impact of a Scientific Consensus Message about Climate Change?,” with Toby Bolsen, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21: 389-402, 2018. link

“Using Frames to Make Scientific Communication More Effective,” with Arthur Lupia, in Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Dan M. Kahan, and Dietram A. Scheufele, eds., Oxford Handbook of the Science of Science Communication, New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. link

“The Crisis of Politicization Within and Beyond Science,” Nature Human Behavior 1: 615-617, 2017. link

“The Conditional Nature of the Local Warming Effect,” with Richard M. Shafranek, Weather, Climate, and Society 9: 15-26, 2017. link

“Public Policy Challenges to Scientific Innovation on Solar Energy,” with Toby Bolsen, and Fay Lomax Cook, Chem 1: 518-519, 2016. link

“Introduction to The Politics of Science:  Political Values and the Production, Communication, and Reception of Scientific Knowledge,” with Elizabeth Suhay, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 658: 6-15, 2015. link

“Counteracting the Politicization of Science,” with Toby Bolsen, Journal of Communication 65: 745-769, 2015. link

“Communicating Policy-Relevant Science,” American Political Science Association Task Force on Public Engagement. PS: Political Science & Politics 48 (Supplement S1): 58-69, 2015. link

“Eliminating the Local Warming Effect,” Nature Climate Change 5: 176-177, 2015. link

“Citizens’, Scientists’, and Legislators’ Beliefs about Global Climate Change,” with Toby Bolsen, and Fay Lomax Cook, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 658: 271-295, 2015. link

“Communication and Collective Actions: A Survey Experiment on Motivating Energy Conservation in the U.S.,” with Toby Bolsen, and Fay Lomax Cook, Journal of Experimental Political Science 1: 24-38, 2014. link

“How Frames Can Undermine Support for Scientific Adaptations: Politicization and the Status Quo Bias,” with Toby Bolsen, and Fay Lomax Cook, Public Opinion Quarterly 78: 1-26, 2014. link

“Stunted Policy Support,” Nature Climate Change 3: 617, 2013. link

“How Scientific Evidence Links Attitudes to Behaviors,” with Toby Bolsen, in David Dana, ed., The Nanotechnology Challenge: Creating Law and Legal Institutions for Uncertain Risks. New York, NY:  Cambridge University Press, 2012. link

“Framing, Motivated Reasoning, and Opinions about Emergent Technologies,” with Toby Bolsen, Journal of Communication 61:  659-688, 2011. link

Campaigns and Representation

Who Governs? Presidents, Public Opinion, and Manipulation, with Lawrence R. Jacobs, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. link

“Incivility in the 2020 Congressional Campaigns,” with Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, in Jody Baumgartner, and Terri Towner, eds., The Internet and the 2020 Campaign, New York: Lexington Books, 2022.

“Campaign Rhetoric and the Incumbency Advantage,” with Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, American Politics Research 48: 22-43, 2020.

“How Private Politics Alters Legislative Responsiveness,” with Julia Valdes, Quarterly Journal of Political Science 14: 115-130, 2019. link

“Resisting the Opportunity for Change: How Congressional Campaign Insiders Viewed and Used the Web in 2016,” with Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, Social Science Computer Review 36: 392-405, 2018. link

“An Inside View of Congressional Campaigning on the Web,” with Martin J. Kifer, Michael Parkin, and Ivonne Montes, Journal of Political Marketing 17: 442-475, 2018. link

“Consistent and Cautious: Congressional Campaigning on the Web in 2016,” with Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, in Jody Baumgartner, and Terri Towner, eds., The Internet and the 2016 Presidential Campaign, New York: Lexington Books, 2017. link

“Response to Daniel M. Butler’s review of Who Governs?: Presidents, Public Opinion, and Manipulation,” with Lawrence R. Jacobs, Perspectives on Politics 14: 822-823, 2016. link

“U.S. Congressional Campaign Communications in an Internet Age,” with Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties 24: 20-44, 2014. link

“Segmented Representation:  The Reagan White House and Disproportionate Responsiveness,” with Lawrence R. Jacobs, in Peter K. Enns and Christopher Wlezien, eds., Who Gets Represented?, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2011. link

“Issue Engagement on Congressional Candidate Websites (2002-2006),” with Cari Lynn Hennessy, Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, Social Science Computer Review 28:  3-23, 2010. link

“Timeless Strategy Meets New Medium:  Going Negative on Congressional Campaign Websites, 2002-2006,” with Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, Political Communication 27:  88-103, 2010. link

“Campaign Communications in U.S. Congressional Elections,” with Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, American Political Science Review 103:  343-366, 2009. link

“Presidential Responsiveness to Public Opinion,” with Lawrence R. Jacobs, in George C. Edwards III and William G. Howell, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency, pages 160-181.  Oxford:  Oxford University Press, 2009. link

“The Technological Development of Candidate Websites:  How and Why Candidates Use Web Innovations,” with Martin J. Kifer, and Michael Parkin, Social Science Computer Review 25:  425-442, 2007. link

“Lumpers and Splitters:  The Public Opinion Information That Politicians Use,” with Lawrence R. Jacobs, Public Opinion Quarterly 70:  453-476, 2006. link

“Candidate Strategies to Prime Issues and Image,” with Lawrence R. Jacobs, and Eric Ostermeier, The Journal of Politics 66: 1205-1227, 2004. link

Health

“Characterizing Population-level Changes in Human Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States,” with Tamanna Urmi, Binod Pant, Alexi Quintana-Mathe, George Dewey, Iris Lang, Hong Qu, Katherine Ognyanova, Matthew Baum, Roy H. Perlis, Christoph Riedl, David Lazer, Mauricio Santillana, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 122: e2500655122, 2025. link

“Conspiratorial Thinking in a 50-State Survey of American Adults,” with Roy H. Perlis, Ata Uslu, Anudeepa K. Ramachandiran, Sergio A. Barroilhet, Paul A. Vohringer, Mauricio Santillana, Matthew A. Baum, James N. Druckman, Katherine Ognyanova, and David Lazer, Journal of Affective Disorders 390: 119915, 2025. link

“Derivation of a 3-Item Patient Health Questionnaire as a Shortened Survey to Capture Depressive Symptoms,” with Roy H. Perlis, Faith M. Gunning, Mauricio Santillana, Matthew A. Baum, Katherine Ognyanova, David Lazer, JAMA Network Open 8(7): e2522036, 2025. link

“Irritability and Social Media Use in U.S. Adults,” with Roy H. Perlis, Ata Uslu, Jonathan Schulman, Faith M. Gunning, Mauricio Santillana, Matthew A. Baum, Katherine Ognyanova, and David Lazer. JAMA Network Open 8(1): e2452807, 2025. link

“Tracking COVID-19 Infections Using Survey Data on Rapid At-Home Tests,” with Mauricio Santillana, Ata A. Uslu, Tamanna Urmi, Alexi Quintana-Mathe, Katherine Ognyanova, Matthew Baum, Roy H. Perlis, and David Lazer, JAMA Network Open 7(9): e2435442, 2024. link

“Trust in Physicians and Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a 50-State Survey of US Adults,” with Roy H. Perlis, Katherine Ognyanova, Ata Uslu, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Mauricio Santillana, Matthew A. Baum, and David Lazer, JAMA Network Open7(7): e2424984, 2024. link

“Prevalence and Correlates of Irritability Among U.S. Adults,” with Roy H. Perlis, Ata Uslu, Jonathan Schulman, Aliayah Himelfarb, Faith Gunning, Nili Solomonov, Mauricio Santillana, Matthew A. Baum, Katherine Ognyanova, and David Lazer, Neuropsychopharmacology 49: 2052-2059, 2024. link

“Cognitive Symptoms of Post–COVID-19 Condition and Daily Functioning,” with Abhishek Jaywant, Faith M. Gunning, Lauren E. Oberlin, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, Matthew A. Baum, David Lazer, and Roy H. Perlis, JAMA Network Open 7(2): e2356098, 2024. link

“The Political Consequences of Depression: How Conspiracy Beliefs, Participatory Inclinations, and Depression Relate to Support for Political Violence,” with Matthew A. Baum, Matthew Simonson, Jennifer Lin, Roy H. Perlis, American Journal of Political Science 68: 575-594, 2024. link

“Social Disruption, Gun Buying, and Anti-System Beliefs,” with Matthew J. Lacombe, Matthew D. Simonson, and Jon Green, Perspectives on Politics, 2024. link

“Community Mobility and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States,” with Roy H. Perlis, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Alauna Safarpour, Alexi Quintana, Matthew D. Simonson, Jasper Perlis, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, Matthew A. Baum, and David Lazer, JAMA Network Open 6(9): e2334945, 2023. link

“Misinformation, Trust, and Use of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19,” with Roy H. Perlis, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Jon Green, Alauna Safarpour, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, and David Lazer, JAMA Health Forum, 4(9): e233257, 2023. link

“Media Use and Vaccine Resistance,” with Jon Green, Matthew A. Baum, Katherine Ognyanova, Matthew D. Simonson, Roy H. Perlis, and David Lazer, PNAS Nexus 2(5): pgad146, 2023. link

“A 50-State Survey Study of Thoughts of Suicide and Social Isolation among Older Adults in the United States,” with Nili Solomonov, Jon Green, Alexi Quintana, Jennifer Lin, Katherine Ognyanova, Mauricio Santillana, Matthew A. Baum, David Lazer, Faith M. Gunning, and Roy H. Perlis, Journal of Affective Disorders 334: 43-49, 2023. link

“Association of Post–COVID-19 Condition Symptoms and Employment Status,” with Roy H. Perlis, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Alauna Safarpour, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, and David Lazer, JAMA Network Open 6(2): e2256152, 2023. link

“Depressive Symptoms and Conspiracy Beliefs,” with Jon Green, Matthew A. Baum, David Lazer, Katherine Ognyanova, and Roy H. Perlis, Applied Cognitive Psychology 37: 332-359, 2023. link

“Prevalence and Correlates of Long COVID Symptoms Among US Adults,” with Roy H. Perlis, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, Alauna Safarpour, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Matthew D. Simonson, Jon Green, Alexi Quintana, Matthew A. Baum, and David Lazer, JAMA Network Open 5(10): e2238804, 2022. link

“Prevalence of Firearm Ownership Among Individuals With Major Depressive Symptoms,” with Roy H. Perlis, Matthew D. Simonson, Jon Green, Jennifer Lin, Alauna Safarpour, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Alexi Quintana, Hanyu Chwe, John Della Volpe, Katherine Ognyanova, Mauricio Santillana, David Lazer, and Matthew A. Baum, JAMA Network Open 5(3): e223245, 2022. link

“Association of Major Depressive Symptoms With Endorsement of COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation Among US Adults,” with Roy H. Perlis, Katherine Ognyanova, Mauricio Santillana, Jennifer Lin, David Lazer, Jon Green, Matthew Simonson, Matthew A. Baum, and John Della Volpe, JAMA Network Open 5(1): e2145697, 2022. link

“Gender-Specificity of Resilience in Major Depressive Disorder,” with Roy H. Perlis, Katherine Ognyanova, Alexi Quintana, Jon Green, Mauricio Santillana, Jennifer Lin, David Lazer, Matthew D. Simonson, Matthew A. Baum, and Hanyu Chwe, Depression & Anxiety 38: 1026-1033, 2021. link

“Association Between Social Media Use and Self-reported Symptoms of Depression in US Adults,” with Roy H. Perlis, Jon Green, Matthew Simonson, Katherine Ognyanova, Mauricio Santillana, Jennifer Lin, Alexi Quintana, Hanyu Chwe, David Lazer, Matthew A. Baum, and John Della Volpe, JAMA Network Open 4(11): e2136113, 2021. link

“Factors Associated With Self-reported Symptoms of Depression Among Adults With and Without a Previous COVID-19 Diagnosis,” with Roy H. Perlis, Mauricio Santillana, Katherine Ognyanova, Jon Green, David Lazer, Matthew A. Baum, JAMA Network Open 4(6): e2116612, 2021. link

“Association of Acute Symptoms of COVID-19 Associated With and Symptoms of Depression in Adults,” with Roy H. Perlis, Katherine Ognyanova, Mauricio Santillana, Matthew A. Baum, David Lazer, John Della Volpe, JAMA Network Open 4(3): e213223, 2021. link

Coalitions and Negotiations

“The Experimental Study of Legislative Behaviour,” with Thomas J. Leeper and Kevin J. Mullinix, in Thomas Saalfeld, and Kaare Strøm, eds., Oxford Handbook of Legislative Studies. Oxford. Oxford University Press, 2014.

"The Many Faces of Framing in Negotiation," with Daniel Druckman, in William A. Donohue, Randall G. Rogan, and Sanda Kauffman, eds., Framing Matters: Perspective on Negotiation Research and Practice in Communication. New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing, 2011. link

“Dynamic Approaches to Studying Parliamentary Coalitions.”  Political Research Quarterly 61:  479-483, 2008. link

“Measuring Portfolio Salience in Eastern European Parliamentary Democracies,” with Andrew Roberts, European Journal of Political Research 47:  101-134, 2008. link

“Communist Successor Parties and Coalition Formation in Eastern Europe,” with Andrew Roberts, Legislative Studies Quarterly 32:  5-31, 2007. link

“The Paradox of Portfolio Allocation:  An Investigation into the Nature of a Very Strong but Puzzling Relationship,” with Paul V. Warwick, European Journal of Political Research 45:  635-665, 2006. link

“Influence Without Confidence:  Upper Chambers and Government Formation,” with Michael F. Thies, and Lanny Martin, Legislative Studies Quarterly 30:  529-548, 2005. link

“Context, and Coalition Bargaining:  Comparing Portfolio Allocation in Eastern and Western Europe,” with Andrew Roberts, Party Politics 11:  535-555, 2005. link

“The Missing Piece:  Measuring Portfolio Salience in Western European Parliamentary Democracies,” with Paul V. Warwick, European Journal of Political Research 44: 17-42, 2005. link

“e-Mediation:  Evaluating the Impacts of an Electronic Mediator on Negotiation Behavior,” with Daniel Druckman, and Tatsushi Arai, Group Decision and Negotiation 13: 481-511, 2004. link

“The Importance of Concurrence:  The Impact of Bicameralism on Government Formation and Duration,” with Michael F. Thies, American Journal of Political Science 46: 760-771, 2002. link

“Portfolio Salience and the Proportionality of Payoffs in Coalition Governments,” with Paul V. Warwick, British Journal of Political Science 31: 627-649, 2001. link

“Visibility and Negotiating Flexibility,” with Daniel Druckman, The Journal of Social Psychology 136: 117-120, 1996. link

“Party Factionalism and Cabinet Durability,” Party Politics 2: 397-407, 1996. link

Book Reviews

“When Conscience Calls: Moral Courage in Times of Confusion and Despair, by Kristen Renwick Monroe,” Political Psychology 45: 789-796, 2024. link

“Left & Right: The Psychological Significance of a Political Distinction, by John T. Jost,” with Jeremy Levy, Political Psychology 43: 1235-1237, 2022. link

“War and Democratic Constraint: How the Public Influences Foreign Policy, by Matthew A. Baum and Philip B. K. Potter,” The Journal of Politics 79: e70-e71, 2017. link

“Representing the Advantaged: How Politicians Reinforce Inequality, by Daniel M. Butler,” with Lawrence R. Jacobs, Perspectives on Politics 14: 823-825, 2016. link

“The Decline of the Death Penalty and the Discovery of Innocence, by Frank R. Baumgartner, Suzanna L. De Boef, and Amber E. Boydstun,” The International Journal of Press/Politics 14: 134-135, 2009.

“Troubled Pasts: News and the Collective Memory of Social Unrest, by Jill A. Edy,” Political Communication 24:  472-474, 2007. link

“Framing American Politics, edited by Karen Callaghan and Frauke Schnell,” Political Psychology 27:  929-932, 2006. link

“Who Leads Whom?: Presidents, Policy, and the Public, by Brandice Canes-Wrone,” Public Opinion Quarterly 70:  405-409, 2006. link

“Stoking the Voters’ Passions,” (Review of Campaigning for Hearts and Minds:  How Emotional Appeals in Political Ads Work, by Ted Brader), Science 312:  1878-1879, 2006. link

“The Costs of Coalition, by Carol Mershon,” The Journal of Politics 66:  1330-1331, 2004. link