Cybersecurity is a subset of computer science and has its own field of study. The three major types of cybersecurity are: Network security, Cloud security and Physical security. Cybersecurity experts often face high job pressure and demanding work hours. Computing careers, including those in cybersecurity, generally require a foundational knowledge of mathematics.
Cyberspace is particularly difficult to secure due to a number of factors: the ability of malicious actors to operate from anywhere in the world, the linkages between cyberspace and physical systems, and the difficulty of reducing vulnerabilities and consequences in complex cyber networks.
A generalization of Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. These cyberattacks are usually aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information; extorting money from users via ransomware; or interrupting normal business processes.
Cyberattacks can include:
Accessing sensitive information
Changing sensitive information
Destroying sensitive information
Extorting money from users via ransomware
Interrupting normal business processes
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Starting at the top, the CSO (Chief Information Security Officer or Chief Security Officer) is responsible for protecting a company's network and sensitive data. This person will also often manage a large team of IT security professionals and needs to have a strong familiarity with the structure of IT systems.
Experienced cybersecurity professionals need to know how to protect data and run analyses that identify gaps or vulnerabilities in a computer system or network, as well as implementing defenses against possible threats.
Entry-level positions in cybersecurity include systems administrators and network operators, who work to ensure that the right people can access the correct network and information.
Security architects design and build the security system for a company, which requires regular maintenance.
Some companies may have a dedicated role or team for incident response. People in this position will analyze intrusions or potential intrusions and develop tools to repair any damage caused or prevent it from occurring.
Security analysts monitor potential threats and analyze the network for vulnerabilities.
Security engineers develop solutions for any vulnerabilities within a computer system.
Intrusion analysis teams often work closely with security software engineers, who build software to protect computers from cyber attacks.